| 徐航,张礼绍,高金花.吉林西部苏打盐碱土在不同添加物下水分入渗特性[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(4):39~44 |
| 吉林西部苏打盐碱土在不同添加物下水分入渗特性 |
| Water infiltration characteristics of soda saline\|alkaline soil under different additives in Western Jilin |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.04.05 |
| 中文关键词: 苏打盐碱土 添加物 玉米秸秆 水分入渗特性 |
| 英文关键词:soda saline soil additives corn stalk water infiltration characteristics |
| 基金项目:吉林省发展和改革委员会“吉林西部盐碱土渠道固化及生态技术研究”项目(2019C056-5)；世界自然基金会“农田水土监测及WRSIS系统适用性研究”项目(1002623) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 依据土壤水动力学理论，基于室内一维土柱入渗试验，选用稻壳、玉米秸秆、河沙3种材料作为添加物,分别将添加物以不同掺量与土壤均匀混合对苏打盐碱土进行入渗试验，从累计入渗量、入渗速率、湿润锋运移距离等方面研究苏打盐碱土在不同添加物及不同掺量下水分的入渗特性。结果表明：对照组土壤入渗量为3 mm·d-1，混掺1%稻壳、玉米秸秆时土壤入渗量分别为7.08、7.37 mm·d-1，混掺3%稻壳、玉米秸秆时土壤入渗量分别为18.9、23.07 mm·d-1，混掺5%稻壳、玉米秸秆时土壤入渗量分别为21.17、28.5 mm·d-1。对照组土壤稳定入渗速率为0.04 mm·h-1，混掺1%、3%、5%稻壳土壤稳定入渗速率分别为0.17、0.55、0.60 mm·h-1，混掺1%、3%、5%玉米秸秆土壤稳定入渗速率分别为0.25、0.70、1.00 mm·h-1，混掺25%、40%、55%河沙土壤稳定入渗速率为0.08、0.09、0.10 mm·h-1。对照组土壤湿润锋运移距离为4.9 cm，混掺1%、3%、5%稻壳土壤湿润锋运移距离分别为10.1、30、38.3 cm，混掺1%、3%、5%玉米秸秆土壤湿润锋运移距离分别为11.6、32、47 cm，混掺25%、40%、55%河沙土壤湿润锋运移距离分别为6.5、7.8、9 cm。混掺5%玉米秸秆可以大幅度增加土壤累计入渗量，提高水分入渗速率，浸润范围可以到达作物根系。因此选用5%玉米秸秆掺量与土壤混掺，可提升吉林西部苏打盐碱土入渗效果，有利于综合提高土壤水分入渗和保水性能。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to improve the water infiltration performance of the soda saline\|alkaline soil in Western Jilin, the irrigation efficiency of farmland, and the yield of crops, experimental research on moisture characteristics were conducted. According to the theory of soil hydrodynamics, based on the indoor one\|dimensional soil column infiltration test, three materials of rice husk, corn stalks and river sand were selected as additives. The three additives were uniformly mixed with the soil in different dosages to perform infiltration tests on soda saline soil. Four aspects of water infiltration characteristics of soda saline\|alkaline soil under different additives and different content including cumulative infiltration rate, infiltration rate, wet front migration distance, and soil moisture content were examined. The results showed: the soil infiltration rate of the control group was 3 mm·d-1, and the soil infiltration rate when mixed with 1% rice husk and corn stalks were 7.08 mm·d-1 and 7.37 mm·d-1. The soil infiltration rates when mixed with 3% rice husk and corn stalks were 18.9 mm·d-1 and 23.07 mm·d-1. When mixed with 5% rice husk and corn stalk, the soil infiltration rate was 21.17 mm·d-1 and 28.5 mm·d-1. The stable infiltration rate of soil in the control group was 0.04 mm·h-1, and the stable infiltration rate of soil mixed with 1%, 3%, and 5% rice husk was 0.17, 0.55, 0.60 mm·h-1. The stable infiltration rate of soil mixed with 1%, 3%, 5% corn stalks was 0.25, 0.70, 1.00 mm·h-1 respectively. The stable infiltration rate of mixed 25%, 40%, 55% river sand soil was 0.08, 0.09, 0.10 mm·h-1. The distance of the wet front in the control group was 4.9 cm, and the distance of the wet front in the soil mixed with 1%, 3%, and 5% rice husk was 10.1, 30 cm, and 38.3 cm. The migration distances of soil moisture front mixed with 1%, 3%, and 5% corn stalks were 11.6, 32, 47 cm. The distances of the wet fronts of mixed 25%, 40%, and 55% river sand were 6.5, 7.8 cm, and 9 cm. Based on the results, mixing with 5% corn stalks greatly increased the cumulative infiltration of soil and the rate of water infiltration, and the range of infiltration reached the root system of the crop. Therefore, the mixing of 5% corn stalks with the soil improved the infiltration effect of soda saline\|alkali soil in Western Jilin, which can be beneficial to comprehensively improve the soil moisture infiltration and water retention performance. |
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