| 张德,张瑞,张夏燚,吴玉霞,赵婷,张仲兴,王双成,王延秀.不同抗盐性苹果砧木对盐胁迫的生理响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(4):86~94 |
| 不同抗盐性苹果砧木对盐胁迫的生理响应 |
| Physiological response of different salt-tolerant apple rootstocks to salt stress |
| |
| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.04.11 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果砧木 盐胁迫 生理响应 光合荧光 抗氧化酶 渗透调节 |
| 英文关键词:apple rootstock salt stress physiological response photosynthetic fluorescence antioxidant enzymes osmotic adjustment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31960581） |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 665 |
| 全文下载次数: 133 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 探究盐胁迫对两种抗性不同苹果砧木垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’（Malus halliana Koehne）和山定子(Malus baccata Borkh)生理特性的影响，解析苹果属资源的抗盐机理。以1 a生垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’和山定子苗为试材，通过盆栽浇灌Hogland营养液的方法，在100 mM NaCl短期（3 d）和长期（40 d）胁迫下，测定光合及荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量，分析不同抗性苹果砧木响应盐胁迫的生理差异。结果表明：盐胁迫显著降低叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ实际化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）和光化学猝灭系数（qP），使胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、初始荧光（F0）、非调节性能量耗散（Y（NO））和非光化学淬灭系数（qN）增加；盐胁迫下，2种砧木Tr无显著差异，垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’的Pn、Gs、 Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP均显著高于山定子，与CK相比，垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’叶片的Pn、Gs、 Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ和qP降幅分别为58.4%、57.90%、12.90%、67.00%和48.60%，而山定子为91.90%、82.4%、83.90%、84.20%和76.40%，垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’叶片的Ci 、F0、Y（NO）和qN分别为山定子的0.76、0.78、0.61倍和0.82倍，‘9-1-6’光合电子传递速率（ETR）先升后降，而山定子的ETR持续下降，且抗盐性砧木垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’的降幅和升幅均小于盐敏感砧木山定子；盐胁迫下，垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物歧化酶（POD）和抗坏血酸氧化酶（APX）活性均呈先升后降的趋势，分别为山定子的1.33、1.38倍和1.23倍；垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’调节性能量耗散（Y（NPQ））和脯氨酸（Pro）含量持续上升，与CK相比，分别上升了158.0%和87.9%，而山定子持续下降，分别为CK的69.4%和69.2%；垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’叶片抗坏血酸、蔗糖和山梨醇含量显著高于山定子，与CK相比，垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’分别上升了49.8%、39.9%和36.2%，山定子分别上升了50.2%、23.4%和18.5%；垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’叶片过氧化氢（H2O2）含量显著低于山定子，仅为其82.6%。高抗盐砧木垂丝海棠‘9-1-6’通过光合机制自我调节，从而保持较高的Pn和Fv/Fm，积累渗透调节物质（蔗糖、山梨醇和Pro）调节细胞的渗透平衡、提高抗氧化酶（APX、SOD、POD）活性有效清除ROS，保持膜系统相对稳定，是其应对盐胁迫的重要机理。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study was to explore the effect of salt stress on the physiological characteristics of two apple rootstocks of Malus halliana Koehne and Malus baccata Borkh with different resistance, and to analyze the salt tolerance mechanism of Malus resources. One\|year\|old M. halliana ‘9-1-6’ and M. baccata were used as experiment materials. The photosynthetic fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment substance content were measured using potting with Hogland nutrient solution under 100 mM NaCl short\|term (3 d) and long\|term (40 d) stress and physiological differences of different resistant apple rootstocks in response to salt stress were analyzed. The results showed that salt stress significantly reduced leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum light energy conversion rate (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), which in turn increased the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), initial fluorescence (F0), non\|regulatory energy dissipation (Y(NO)) and non\|photochemical quenching coefficient (qN). There were no significant difference between the two rootstocks of Tr under salt stress, but Pn, Gs, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡand qP of ‘9-1-6’ were significantly higher than those of M. baccata, compared with CK, Pn, Gs, Fv/Fm, ΦPSⅡ and qP of ‘9-1-6’ leaves decreased respectively by 58.4%, 57.90%, 12.90%, 67.00% and 48.60%, while those of M. baccata were 91.90%, 82.4%, 83.90%, 84.20% and 76.40%, respectively. The Ci, F0, Y(NO) and qN of ‘9-1-6’ leaves were 0.76, 0.78, 0.61 and 0.82 times as much as those of M. baccata, respectively. The photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) of ‘9-1-6’ increased first and then decreased, while the ETR of M. baccata continued to decline. The change range of the resistant rootstock M. halliana ‘9-1-6’ was less than that of the sensitive rootstock M. baccata. Under salt stress, the activities of ‘9-1-6’ leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), superoxide dismutase (POD) and ascorbate oxidase (APX) all showed a same trend of first increasing and then decreasing, which were respectively 1.33, 1.38, and 1.23 times of M .baccata. ‘9-1-6’ regulatory energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)) and proline (Pro) content continuously increased by 158.0% and 87.9% respectively in comparison to CK. While the M. baccata continued to decline, they were 69.4% and 69.2% of CK respectively. The content of ascorbic acid, sucrose and sorbitol of M. halliana ‘9-1-6’ leaves significantly higher than that of M. baccata. Compared with CK, the content of ‘9-1-6’ of these three items increased by 49.8%, 39.9% and 36.2%, and for M. baccata, the numbers were 50.2%, 23.4% and 18.5%. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content of ‘9-1-6’ leaves was significantly lower than that of M. baccata, which was only 82.6%. Through self\|regulation of photosynthetic mechanism, M. halliana ‘9-1-6’ of high salt\|tolerant apple rootstock maintained high Pn and Fv/Fm, accumulated osmotic adjustment substances (sucrose, sorbitol and Pro), regulated the osmotic balance of cells, and increased antioxidant enzymes (APX, SOD, POD) activity so as to effectively remove ROS and keep the membrane system relatively stable. This self\|regulation was an important physiological mechanism for its response to salt stress. |
| 查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| | |