| 韩梅,高嵩娟,李正鹏,严清彪,曹卫东.青海高原长期复种绿肥毛叶苕子对土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(4):102~108 |
| 青海高原长期复种绿肥毛叶苕子对土壤氨氧化细菌和氨氧化古菌的影响 |
| Effects of green manure crop on abundances of ammonia\|oxidizing archaea and ammonia\|oxidizing bacteria in soil in Qinghai plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.04.13 |
| 中文关键词: 复种绿肥 毛叶苕子 氨氧化细菌 氨氧化古菌 群落结构 |
| 英文关键词:multiple cropping green manure Vicia Villosa Roth AOA AOB community structure |
| 基金项目:财政部和农业农村部：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助（绿肥，CARS-22）；青海省农科院基金（2019-NKY-06）；青海省科技厅基础研究项目（2016-ZJ-768） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了深入了解青海高原地区麦后复种绿肥，翻压、留茬条件下小麦田土壤氨氧化细菌（AOB）和氨氧化古菌（AOA）数量的响应以及微生物群落结构的变化，基于麦后复种绿肥毛叶苕子9 a定位试验，利用荧光定量PCR、高通量测序技术测定土壤氨氧化细菌和古菌数量及微生物群落结构。结果表明: 在复种绿肥毛叶苕子的情况下，翻压绿肥可减施化肥30%，绿肥留根茬可减施化肥20%，且小麦、油菜表现为增产；化肥与绿肥毛叶苕子配施，土壤有机质、土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物生物量氮均显著提高，其中处理70%化肥+绿肥翻压最高，提高幅度为1.26%～26.33%；绿肥不论翻压还是留根茬；与化肥配施产量增加且土壤氨氧化古菌（AOA）、氨氧化细菌（AOB）数量显著增加，尤其是AOA在数量上远高于AOB；其中施肥70%化肥+毛苕子翻压还田处理的土壤氨氧化古菌（AOA）、氨氧化细菌（AOB）数量最高，增幅为54.84%～72.51%；小麦苗期土壤氨氧化古菌（AOA）、氨氧化细菌（AOB）数量含量最低，至抽穗期土壤氨氧化古菌（AOA）、氨氧化细菌（AOB）数量含量达到最高，成熟期又有所降低；绿肥不论全量翻压还是留根茬，与化肥配施土壤AOA、AOB数量均有增加，尤其是AOA在数量上远高于AOB，表明不同土壤微生物丰度受种植模式、施肥量影响很大，长期复种绿肥、减施化肥提高了土壤微生物丰度和多样性，明显改变了微生物群落组成和结构。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, the effects of green manure crop on the number of ammonia\|oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) in soil were studied by multiple cropping green manure crop after wheat harvest. The study was a nine\|year long\|term experiment. The real\|time PCR and high\|throughput Illumina sequencing were used to determine soil ammonium oxidizing bacteria, archaea quantity and microbial community structure. The results showed that ploughing green manure into soil reduced chemical fertilizer application by 30% and leaving green manure stubble in soil reduced fertilizer application by 20%. At the same time, the yield of wheat and rapeseed improved too. SOM, SMBC and SMBN were significantly increased when combining chemical fertilizer with green hairy vetch. Of which the F70+GT treatment was the highest with an increase rate of 1.26%~26.33%. The yield, soil AOA and AOB were increased in all cases of mixing chemical fertilizer with green manure, regardless of ploughing or just leaving the green manure stubble in soil. In particular, the number of AOA was much higher than that of AOB. The AOA and AOB treated with 70% fertilizer and ploughing green manure were the highest, increase by 54.84%~72.51%. The quantity of AOA and AOB in the wheat seedling stage was the lowest, and the quantity of AOA and AOB in the soil in the heading stage reached the highest, and reduced during the mature stage. Green manure regardless of ploughing the entire green manure crop or just leaving the stubble in the soil with chemical fertilizer NPK, the AOA and AOB numbers in the soil were increased, with AOA far higher than AOB, which showed that planting patterns and fertilizer rate affected soil microbial abundance. Multi-year long-term green manure planting after the wheat and reducing use of chemical fertilizer improved the soil microbial abundance and diversity and significantly altered the microbial community composition and structure. |
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