| 郭丽琢,杨波,高玉红,牛俊义.缺氮胁迫阶段及施氮时期对油用亚麻干物质及氮素积累的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(5):40~49 |
| 缺氮胁迫阶段及施氮时期对油用亚麻干物质及氮素积累的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen deficiency stage and nitrogen application period on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of oil flax |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.05.05 |
| 中文关键词: 缺氮时期 施氮时期 油用亚麻 干物质 氮积累量 产量 |
| 英文关键词:nitrogen deficiency stage nitrogen application period oil flax dry matter accumulation nitrogen accumulation yield |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业特色油料产业技术体系专项（CARS-14-1-16）；甘肃省自然科学基金（1107RJZA160） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过砂培及土培试验，分别以6个氮素供缺阶段处理和6个氮肥基追比例处理，探讨了缺氮阶段及施氮时期对亚麻干物质及氮素积累、籽粒产量的影响。结果表明，和全生育期正常供氮（CK）相比，播种~枞形期缺氮（T1）造成的干物质积累抑制随枞形期后的持续复氮而渐次降低，且茎、叶干物质积累量随复氮而终末产生了等量补偿，而枞形期~现蕾期（T2）、现蕾期~盛花期（T3）、盛花期~成熟期（T4）、现蕾期~成熟期（T5）4个时段的氮胁迫造成的器官干物质积累量降低，终末仍为不足补偿；胁迫阶段（T1~T5）的籽粒产量分别较对照降低了18.02%、26.54%、35.06%、38.83%、48.00%。保证生殖生长阶段的氮素营养供给可避免35%~50%左右的减产损失。0.2 g·kg-1施用的氮肥，基肥比重占2/3以上时不利于氮素营养状况的改善及植株的生长，基肥施用量≤1/2、剩余肥料于枞形期或现蕾期一次或分两次施入，可使植株的氮素及干物质积累总量分别增加10.71%~37.50%和9.34%~22.02%；1/6基肥+1/3枞形期追肥+1/2现蕾期追肥的方式，较其他施肥方式（100%基肥、2/3基肥+1/3现蕾期追肥、1/2基肥+1/2现蕾期追肥、1/6基肥+5/6枞形期追肥）的氮素积累量、植株干物质量、籽粒产量分别提高7.17%~37.50%、7.89%~22.02%、9.59%~26.71%。综上，盛花期~成熟期缺氮对植株的干物质积累及产量抑制敏感程度最高，现蕾期前后追肥具有显著的补偿效应；基肥施用量≤1/3、剩余肥料于枞形期（或分茎期）、现蕾期分两次施入，并使现蕾期追肥占1/2左右，是符合油用亚麻需求特性的氮肥运筹方式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Sand culture pot experiment and soil culture pot experiment were conducted to study the effects of nitrogen (N) deficiency stage and N fertilizer application period on dry matter accumulation, N accumulation and yield of oil flax. Six N supply or deficiency stage treatments and six N ratio treatments of base fertilizer to top dressing were set up in sand culture and soil culture, respectively. The results showed that, compared with normal N supply during the whole growth period (CK), the inhibition of dry matter accumulation caused by N deficiency in sowing\|fir shape stage (T1) gradually decreased with the continuous N resupplying after fir shape stage, and the dry weight of stems and leaves eventually produced equal compensation at maturity, while N deficiency in stage of fir shape~budding (T2), budding~blooming (T3), blooming~mature (T4), and budding~mature (T5) decreased the dry matter accumulation of all organs. When compared with CK, the grain yield of T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 reduced by 18.02%, 26.54%, 35.06%, 38.83%, and 48.00%, respectively. Ensuring N nutrient supply in reproductive growth stage avoided about 35%~50% yield loss. Under the same N fertilizer dosage of 0.2 g·kg-1 soil, more than 2/3 amount of basal fertilizer was not conducive to improving N nutrition and plant growth. Applying basal fertilizer less than 1/2, with the remaining fertilizer top dressed once or twice in fir\|shaped or budding stage increased total N and dry matter accumulation of flax plant by 10.71%~37.50% and 9.34%~22.02%, respectively. The 1/6 basal fertilizer + 1/3 top dressing in fir shape stage + 1/2 top dressing in budding increased N and dry matter accumulation, grain yield by 7.17%~37.50%, 7.89%~22.02%, and 9.59%~26.71%, respectively, compared with other fertilizing methods (i.e. 100% basal fertilizer, 2/3 basal fertilizer + 1/3 top dressing in budding, 1/2 basal fertilizer + 1/2 top dressing in budding, 1/6 basal fertilizer + 5/6 top dressing in fir shape stage). In summary, N deficiency in blooming to maturity stage was the most sensitive to dry matter accumulation inhibition and yield decrease, and top dressing before and after budding had a significant compensation effect. Applying basal fertilizer less than 1/3, with the remaining fertilizer top dressed twice in fir shape stage (or branching stage) and budding stage, and making more than 1/2 top dressing in budding was a more reasonable N applying method for oil flax. |
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