| 许璇,何新林,衡通,冯玥.干旱区膜下滴灌配合暗管与竖井排水对棉田土壤盐分的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(6):95~104 |
| 干旱区膜下滴灌配合暗管与竖井排水对棉田土壤盐分的影响 |
| Effects of subsurface pipe and shaft on soil salinity in cotton field in arid saline\|alkali land under drip irrigation and mulch |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.06.11 |
| 中文关键词: 滴灌淋洗 暗管 竖井 土壤盐分 微生物多样性 |
| 英文关键词:drip irrigation leaching subsurface pipe shaft soil salinity microbial diversity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51969027） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究干旱区棉田在滴灌淋洗配合协同排水下的土壤盐平衡变化规律及微生物群落丰度特征，在新疆典型干旱盐碱区（141团）进行野外排水试验，试验设置暗管与竖井双因素协同排水，X轴方向五水平（距离竖井0、15、30、45 m和60 m，记为T1、T2、T3、T4和T5），Y轴方向三水平（距离暗管0、5 m和7.5 m，记为P1、P2和P3），分析土壤电导率与地下水位、土壤微生物之间的关系。结果表明，进行淋洗试验后，0~700 cm土层土壤电导率整体降低，200~400 cm土层脱盐最明显，最低达到0.9254 dS·m-1，全生育期平均脱盐率为70%，在距离暗管5 m、距离竖井45 m处的土壤脱盐效果最佳。此外，全生育期地下水埋深呈现先减小后增大的趋势，下降最大幅度达到2 m，且地下水位对土壤盐分的影响具有滞后性，土壤中微生物Chao1指数、多样性指数和丰富度指数均随土壤电导率降低而上升。研究表明，滴灌淋洗配合暗管与竖井排水有利于降低土壤深层盐分、控制地下水位、提升土壤微生物群落多样性，有利于推进干旱区盐渍化农田改良及恢复废弃耕地。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to study the variation law of soil salt balance and abundance characteristics of microbial community in cotton fields in arid areas under drip irrigation combined with collaborative drainage, the field drainage experiments were carried out in typical arid saline\|alkali areas of Xinjiang (141 regiment). Two\|factor collaborative drainage of subsurface pipe and shaft was set in the experiment. Five levels in the X-axis direction (0, 15, 30, 45 m and 60 m from the shaft, denoted as T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5) and three levels in the Y-axis direction (0, 5 m and 7.5 m from the subsurface pipe, denoted as P1, P2 and P3) were set to analyze relationships between soil salt and groundwater level and soil microorganisms. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of 0 ~ 700 cm soil layer decreased after leaching test, and the desalination of 200~400 cm soil layer was the most obvious, with a minimum of 0.9254 dS·m-1. The average desalination rate during the whole growth period was 70%. The soil desalination effect was the best at 5 m from the underground pipe and 45 m from the shaft. In addition, the groundwater depth in the whole growth period showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with a maximum 2 m decrease. The influence of groundwater level on soil salinity was lagging. The Chao1 index, diversity index and richness index of microorganisms in soil increased with the decrease of soil salinity. Studies indicated that drip irrigation combined with subsurface pipe and shaft drainage was conducive to reducing deep soil salinity, controlling groundwater level, improving soil microbial community diversity, promoting the improvement of salinization farmland in arid areas and restoring abandoned farmland. |
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