| 叶元生,黄彩霞,柴守玺,常磊,马建涛,马菊花,李亚珍.秸秆带状覆盖对旱地冬小麦农田土壤特性及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(6):146~152 |
| 秸秆带状覆盖对旱地冬小麦农田土壤特性及产量的影响 |
| Effects of straw strip mulching on soil characteristics and yield of winter wheat in dryland |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.06.16 |
| 中文关键词: 秸秆带状覆盖 土壤特性 土壤有机碳 冬小麦田 |
| 英文关键词:straw strip mulching soil characteristics soil organic carbon winter wheat field |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31960380）；甘肃农业大学青年导师基金项目（GAU-QDFC-2019-09）；甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院青年教师科技创新基金项目（SLXY-QN-2020-02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 2019—2020年在黄土高原雨养条件下以不覆盖露地（CK）和地膜覆盖（PM）为对照，设置3种秸秆带状覆盖处理：SM3（覆盖带50 cm，种植带35 cm，播种3行），SM4（覆盖带50 cm，种植带50 cm，播种4行）及SM5（覆盖带50 cm，种植带70 cm，播种5行），研究了不同带幅秸秆带状覆盖对冬小麦农田土壤特性、籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，秸秆带状覆盖较CK和PM显著降低土壤0~20 cm土层土壤容重4.49%~7.07%，增加土壤孔隙度4.41%~7.28%，且>0.25 mm机械稳定性团聚体含量增加5.30%~5.31%，水稳性团聚体含量增加4.55%~7.21%，平均重量直径(MWD)提高6.45%~60.31%，平均几何直径(GMD)提高8.73%~20.57%，土壤有机碳含量提高6.06%~6.15%。地膜覆盖对土壤各特征指标影响较小。秸秆带状覆盖处理较CK提高小麦籽粒产量5.07%，水分利用效率提高12.04%。3种秸秆带状覆盖处理中，SM3处理对土壤各特征指标影响最大，SM5处理在改善土壤理化性状的基础上，对小麦籽粒产量及水分利用效率的提升表现出较大优势。因此，SM5处理（覆盖带50 cm，种植带70 cm，播种5行）是适宜于西北半干旱区冬小麦种植的“绿色高效”措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In 2019-2020, under rain\|fed conditions on the Loess Plateau, CK and PM were used as the control, to set up 3 straw band mulching treatments: SM3 (covering 50 cm, planting 35 cm, sowing 3 rows), SM4 (covering 50cm, planting 50 cm, sowing 4 rows), and SM5 (covering 50 cm, planting 70 cm, sowing 5 rows), and study the effects of straw banded mulching on soil properties, yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat field. The results showed that, compared with CK and PM, straw strip mulching significantly reduced the soil bulk density of 0~20 cm soil layer by 4.49%~7.07% and increased the soil porosity by 4.41%~7.28%, increased ＞0.25 mm mechanical stability by 5.30%~5.31%, increased ＞0.25 mm water stability aggregates by 4.55%~7.21%. Average weight diameter (MWD), average geometric diameter (GMD), and soil organic carbon content were increased by 6.45%~60.31%, 8.73%~20.57%, and 6.06%~6.15%, respectively. Plastic film mulching had little influence on soil characteristic indexes. The yield of winter wheat of SM treatment increased by 5.07% and the water use efficiency increased by 12.04%, compared with CK. Among the three straw strip mulching treatments, SM3 treatment had the greatest influence on soil characteristic indexes, however, SM5 treatment showed greater advantages in wheat yield and water use efficiency improvement on the basis of improving soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore, SM5 (covering 50 cm, planting 70 cm, sowing 5 rows) is a "green and efficient" technology suitable for winter wheat cultivation in the semiarid region of northwest China. |
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