| 王玺,卢秉林,车宗贤,张久东,包兴国,吴科生,崔恒.秸秆粉碎带膜还田对玉米氮肥追施过程土壤氨挥发的影响初探[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(6):179~184 |
| 秸秆粉碎带膜还田对玉米氮肥追施过程土壤氨挥发的影响初探 |
| Effects of straw comminution and mulching on soil ammonia volatilization during corn nitrogen topdressing |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.06.20 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米秸秆 氨挥发 密闭法 带状覆膜还田 粉碎翻压 |
| 英文关键词:maize straw ammonia volatilization airtight method strip film returning to the field crushing turned down |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（31760140）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFC1903700）;甘肃省自然科学基金（20JR5RA107） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨河西绿洲灌区玉米秸秆粉碎带膜还田对春玉米氮肥追施过程土壤氨挥发的影响，设置不还田（CK）、传统粉碎全地翻压覆膜还田(CM)、全量粉碎带状翻压覆膜还田(CB)、全量整株带状覆盖覆膜还田(WM)4个处理，采用密闭法测定各处理在追肥过程中土壤氨挥发的动态过程。结果表明，拔节期追肥后，CM和CB处理的氨挥发肥料损失累积量分别为76.94 g·hm-2和85.49 g·hm-2，占追肥量的0.06%和0.07%，相比不还田CK处理差异显著,降幅达到了71.24%和68.04%；WM处理的氨挥发肥料损失累积量为253.50 g·hm-2，占追肥量的0.21％，相比不还田CK处理差异不显著，降幅仅为0.96％。大喇叭口期追肥后，CM、CB、WM处理的氨挥发肥料损失累积量分别为37.92、33.45、40.88 g·hm-2，分别占追肥量的0.02%、0.02%、0.03％，相比不还田CK处理差异不显著，CM和CB处理的降幅仅有3.76%和15.09%，WM处理的增幅为1.04％。整个追肥过程中CM、CB、WM处理的的氨挥发肥料损失累积量分别为114.86、118.94、294.39 g·hm-2，分别占追肥量的0.08%、0.10%、0.20％，相比不还田CK处理的降幅分别达到了61.58%、61.25%、0.91％。综上所述，全量粉碎带状翻压覆膜还田和传统粉碎全地翻压覆膜还田对土壤氨挥发的抑制作用显著且基本相当，全量整株带状覆盖覆膜还田对土壤氨挥发的抑制无显著效果。可见，在河西绿洲灌区，采用秸秆粉碎带膜还田措施来抑制玉米全生育期化学氮肥追施后的氨挥发效果显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of returning pulverized corn straw to the field with film on soil ammonia volatilization in the process of nitrogen topdressing in Hexi oasis irrigation area.Four treatments, non\|straw returning (CK), traditional pulverizing total overturning pressure (CM), total pulverizing strip overturning pressure (CB), and total whole\|plant band\|covering returning (WM), were set up for the experiment. The dynamic process of ammonia volatilization from soil in each treatment was determined by airtight method during topdressing.The results showed that after topdressing at jointing stage, the cumulative loss of volatile ammonia fertilizer in CM and CB treatments were 76.94 g·hm-2 and 85.49 g·hm-2, respectively, accounting for 0.06% and 0.07% of topdressing amount, which were significantly different from CK treatment, with a decrease of 71.24% and 68.04%.The accumulative loss of ammonia volatile fertilizer under WM treatment was 253.50 g·hm-2, accounting for 0.21% of topdressing amount, and the difference was not significant when compared with CK treatment without straw returning to the field, with a decrease of only 0.96%.After topdressing at the big flared opening stage, the cumulative loss of volatile ammonia fertilizer under CM, CB and WM treatments were 37.92,33.45 g·hm-2 and 40.88 g·hm-2, accounting for 0.02%, 0.02% and 0.03% of topdressing amount, respectively. Compared with CK treatment without straw returning to the field, there was no significant difference between CM and CB treatments, which decreased by only 3.76% and 15.09%, while WM treatment increased by 1.04%.In the whole process of topdressing, cumulative loss of ammonia volatile fertilizer treated by CM, CB and WM was 114.86 g·hm-2, 118.94 g·hm-2 and 294.39 g·hm-2,accounting for 0.08%, 0.10% and 0.20% of the topdressing amount, respectively. Compared with CK treatment, the decrease was 61.58%, 61.25% and 0.91%. In summary, the total pulverizing strip overturning pressure and traditional pulverizing total overturning pressure hada similar inhibitory effect on soil ammonia volatilization, and the total whole\|plant band\|covering returning had no significant inhibitory effect on soil ammonia volatilization. Therefore, in the Hexi oasis irrigation area, returning pulverized corn straw to field with film can be used to reduce ammonia volatilization of topdressing chemical nitrogen fertilizer during corn growth period. |
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