| 刘凡,刘斌祥,刘佳媛,杜霞,孔凡磊,袁继超.水氮互作对川中丘陵区玉米水肥利用效率和产量形成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2021,39(6):200~206 |
| 水氮互作对川中丘陵区玉米水肥利用效率和产量形成的影响 |
| Effect of water and nitrogen interaction on maize utilization efficiency of fertilizer, water and yield formation in the Middle Hilly Area of Sichuan Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2021.06.23 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 滴灌 水氮互作 水肥利用率 产量 |
| 英文关键词:maize drip irrigation water and nitrogen interaction utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer yield |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0301704，2018YFD0301206）；四川省玉米创新团队建设项目（SCCXTD-2020-02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究不同水氮配置对玉米肥水利用率和产量形成的影响，试验以不施氮、不滴灌为对照（CK），设减氮25%（180 kg·hm-2，N180）和正常氮（240 kg·hm-2，N240）2个氮肥量，4个滴灌水平（B0：0 m3·hm-2；B1：375 m3·hm-2；B2：750 m3·hm-2；B3：1125 m3·hm-2），共9个处理。结果表明，玉米吐丝期叶面积指数、干物质积累量及氮素积累量均随施氮量和滴灌量增加而增长，且存在互作效应。滴灌促进氮肥的吸收利用，减氮条件下B3处理较B0处理氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥表观利用率分别提高9.55%、22.25%、118.69%；正常氮条件下滴灌量超过750 m3·hm-2有抑制氮肥吸收利用的趋势。施氮提高水分利用效率，减氮和正常氮处理较CK处理生物量水分利用效率分别提高14.47%和31.83%，减氮和正常氮处理间籽粒水分利用效率差异不显著。减氮条件下玉米的产量随滴灌量增加而增加，B3处理较B0、B1、B2处理分别增加5.84%、1.33%、0.46%，而正常氮条件下则先增后减，减氮25%条件下滴灌量750~1 125 m3·hm-2处理的产量可达到正常氮不滴灌水平。减氮配以适当灌溉促进玉米生长，增加干物质积累和氮素吸收利用，从而提高玉米产量，是氮肥减施增效和抗旱高产的有效技术措施。本试验条件下的最优水氮配置为纯氮180 kg·hm-2+滴灌750~1 125 m3·hm-2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The purpose of this study was to study the effects of different water and nitrogen configuration on the utilization rate of fertilizer and water and yield formation of maize. In this experiment, no nitrogen application and no irrigation was used as control (CK). Two nitrogen fertilizer levels of 25% nitrogen reduction (180 kg·hm-2, N180) and normal nitrogen (240 kg·hm-2, N240) with four different drip irrigation quantities (B0：0 m3·hm-2; B1：375 m3·hm-2; B2:750 m3·hm-2;B3:1 125 m3·hm-2) were designed as treatment groups. The results showed that LAI, dry matter accumulation and nitrogen accumulation increased with the increase of nitrogen application and drip irrigation, and there were interaction effects. Drip irrigation promoted absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer. Under the reduced nitrogen application, B3 treatment increased agronomic use efficiency, partial productivity and apparent use efficiency of nitrogen by 9.55%, 22.25% and 118.69%, respectively, when compared with B0 treatment. Under the normal nitrogen condition, drip irrigation over 750 m3·hm-2 tended to inhibit nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization. Nitrogen application increased water use efficiency (WUE), and WUE of biomass treated with N reduction and normal N increased by 14.47% and 31.83%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. There was no significant difference between grain WUE treated with N reduction and normal N. Under the reduction of 25% nitrogen condition, maize yield increased with the increase of amount of drip irrigation, B3 treatment increased by 5.84%, 1.33%, 0.46% respectively, as compared to B0, B1 and B2 treatments. Under the normal nitrogen the maize yield first increased and then reduced. Under the reduction of 25% nitrogen and the drip irrigation of 750~1 125 m3·hm-2, the yield reached the same level as with the normal nitrogen and no drip irrigation condition. Nitrogen reduction combined with proper irrigation not only promoted maize growth, but increased dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and utilization, thus increased maize yield. It could be considered as an effective measure to reduce nitrogen fertilizer and increase efficiency and drought\|resistant and high\|yield. In this experiment, the optimal water nitrogen combination was pure nitrogen of 180 kg·hm-2 with drip irrigation of 750~1 125 m3·hm-2. |
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