| 孙文泰,赵明新,尹晓宁,董铁,刘兴禄,牛军强,马明.陇东旱地果园地表覆盖方式对苹果光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(3):19~25 |
| 陇东旱地果园地表覆盖方式对苹果光合特性的影响 |
| Effects of different mulch modes on apple photosynthesis in dry-land orchards of east Gansu Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2013.03.04 |
| 中文关键词: 覆盖方式 富士苹果 光合特性 经济效益 |
| 英文关键词:cover mode ‘Fuji’apple photosynthesis economic benefit |
| 基金项目:国家苹果产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-28)；甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目(2010-429)；甘肃省农业综合开发科技推广
项目(2008-1);国家科技支撑课题(2007BAD52B03) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为筛选出适宜陇东旱塬地区苹果园的土壤耕作模式，以20年生苹果树为试材，研究不同地表覆盖方式对苹果叶片光合特性的影响，并从经济效益方面进行比较分析。结果表明：清耕(F4)净光合速率(Pn)日变化为双峰型，地膜覆盖(F1)、麦草覆盖(F2)和覆砂(F3)为单峰型；其中覆草净光合速率最高,10:00达到峰值，并显著提
高水分利用效率(WUE)(P<0.01)。净光合速率(Pn)与大气相对湿度(RH)呈极显著正相关，与气温(Ta)、叶温
(Tl)呈显著负相关；蒸腾速率(Tr)则与Ta与Tl呈显著正相关。覆草后光补偿点(LCP)显著降低，光饱和点(LSP)显著提高，表明对光照的适应范围较宽；并且Pnmax显著高于CK，CO2补偿点显著低于F1、F3和F4。经济效益分析
表明，覆膜果园的收入与产投比均较高。可见，陇东旱地果园覆草和覆膜均可显著提高富士苹果叶片光合作用，增
强光能与CO2的利用能力，有利于干物质形成，增加产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to select the proper soil tillage model for apple orchard in dry highland of Longdong, different surface mulch modes were tested on twenty-years old‘Fuji’apple. The photosynthetic characters of apple trees in different modes were analyzed, and economic efficiency was compared also. The results showed that diurnal changes of photo-synthetic rate(Pn)presented double-peak curve in elean tillage treatment(F4). The diumal changes of photosynthetic rate(Pn)in film mulch, straw mulch, and gravel muleh showed one-peak curve. The highest net photosynthetic rate gained in grass cover mode, peaked at 10:00 am. Water use efficiency(WUE)was significantly inereased(P<0.01) as well. Photosynthetic rate(Pn)was significantly positively correlated with
atmospheric relative humidity(RH), and was significantly negatively correlated with air temperature(Ta) and leaf temperature(Tl). There was significant posi-tive correlation between transpiration rate(Tr) and air temperature(Ta)and leaf temperature(Tl). After covered with straw, LCP was significantly decreased but LSP was increased.Pnmax in straw cover
mode was greater than in CK. CCP in straw cover mode was significantly lower than in F1、F3 and F4. The economie analysis showed that film mulch mode had high income to cost ratio. In conclusion, in dry land orchard, straw cover and film mulch significantly increased photosynthesis and the yield of ‘Fuji’apple, enhanced the dry matter formation, and improved light and CO2 utilization capacity of apple trees. |
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