| 徐晨,张丽华,赵洪祥,闫伟平,刘晓龙,孙宁,李斐,谭国波,李前,边少锋,张治安.不同栽培模式下半干旱区玉米籽粒形成和叶片对光与CO2响应特性[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(1):1~10 |
| 不同栽培模式下半干旱区玉米籽粒形成和叶片对光与CO2响应特性 |
| Characteristics of grain formation and leaf response to light and CO2 in semi\|arid region under different cultivation patterns |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.01.01 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米；栽培模式；籽粒灌浆；光合响应参数 半干旱区 |
| 英文关键词:maize cultivation pattern grain filling photosynthetic response parameters semi\|arid region |
| 基金项目:吉林省农业科技创新工程项目博士后基金(CXGC2021RCB002)；吉林省农业科技创新工程项目人才基金(CXGC2020RCG009)；国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0300205，2017YFD0300605）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-42) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究半干旱区优化栽培模式下玉米籽粒形成及叶片对光与CO2的响应机制，进行2 a的大田试验，设置对照模式（CK）、农户习惯模式（T1）和优化栽培模式（T2）3种栽培模式，研究不同栽培模式对玉米籽粒灌浆特性、产量形成、叶片光合响应曲线及相关参数的影响。结果表明：T2处理在吐丝后各生育阶段的百粒质量和平均灌浆速率均显著高于T1和CK处理，与CK和T1处理相比，T2处理的2 a平均灌浆速率分别增加了31.58%、18.00%和30.77%、9.80%，T2处理的灌浆速率在吐丝后20~30 d达到最大值，并显著高于T1和CK处理，与CK和T1处理相比，2 a分别增加33.91%、10.04%和26.28%、14.99%；T2处理的产量显著高于T1和CK处理，与T1处理相比，2 a分别增加了15.67%和14.03%；3个处理玉米叶片的净光合速率随光照强度增加而增加，当光量子密度超过300 μmol·m-2·s-1时，T2处理的净光合速率要显著高于T1与CK处理；随着生育时期的推进，T2处理的光补偿点量子效率（AQE）显著高于T1与CK处理，在灌浆期（R3）降至3个生育时期（V12、R1、R3）间的最低值；T2处理的光补偿点（LCP）和光饱和点（LSP）均显著高于T1与CK处理，T2处理LSP与LCP的差值均为最大，2 a 3个生育时期(V12、R1、R3)分别达到1 871.6、1 914.4、1 891.9 μmol·m-2和1 909.7、1 848.6、1822.4 μmol·m-2·s-1；CO2补偿点（CCP）、CO2饱和点（CSP）、CO2饱和时最大净光合速率（CSPn）和羧化效率（CE）均呈T2＞T1＞CK，T1与T2处理的CCP均显著高于CK处理，T2处理的CSP均显著高于T1与CK处理，T2处理CSP与CCP的差值更大，2 a 3个生育时期（V12、R1、R3）分别达到540.06、558.87、561.19 μmol·m-2和539.13、518.54、574.73 μmol·mol-1；T2处理的CE在R1和R3期均显著高于T1和CK处理；T1与T2处理的Rubisco最大羧化效率（Vcmax）、最大电子传递速率（Jmax）和磷酸丙糖利用率（TPU）均显著高于CK处理。综上所述，优化栽培模式（T2处理）可维持叶片的光合作用能力，促进玉米利用弱光进行光合作用，增加玉米对光和CO2的适应范围，从而增加光合产物的转运能力和叶片的固碳羧化能力，促进籽粒灌浆，减少资源利用的同时实现玉米产量提高，适合在吉林省西部半干旱区进行推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the response mechanism of maize grain formation and leaf to light and CO2 under optimized cultivation pattern in semi\|arid area, a two\|year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different cultivation patterns on grain filling characteristics, yield formation, leaf photosynthetic response curve and related parameters of maize. The results showed that the 100-grain weight and average grain filling rate of T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 and CK treatments at each growth stage after silking. The average filling rate of T2 treatment increased by 31.58%, 18.00% and 30.77%, 9.80% respectively compared with CK and T1 treatments. The grain filling rate of T2 treatment reached the maximum at 20~30 days after silking, which was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatments and increased by 33.91%, 10.04% and 26.28% and 14.99% in 2017 and 2018 compared with CK and T1 treatments. The yield of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatments, and increased by 15.67% and 14.03% respectively compared with T1 treatment. The net photosynthetic rate of maize leaves of three treatments increased rapidly with the increase of light intensity 300 μmol·m-2·s-1. The net photosynthetic rate of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK. The quantum efficiency of optical compensation dots (AQE) of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatment, and decreased to the lowest value among the three growth stages (V12，R1 and R3) at filling stage (R3) with the development of growth stage. The light compensation point (LCP) and light saturation point (LSP) of T2 treatment were significantly higher than those of T1 and CK treatments, and the difference between LSP and LCP of T2 treatment was the largest, reaching 1 871.6, 1 914.4, 1 891.9, 1 909.7, 1 848.6 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 1 822.4 μmol·m-2·s-1 at three growth periods (V12, R1 and R3) in 2017 and 2018. The CO2 compensation point (CCP), CO2 saturation point (CSP), maximum net photosynthetic rate (CSPn) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) were T2>T1>CK. The CCP of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than that of CK. The CSP of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK, and the difference between CSP and CCP of T2 treatment was the largest, reaching 540.06, 558.87, 561.19, 539.13, 518.54 μmol·mol-1 and 574.73 μmol·mol-1 at three growth periods (V12, R1 and R3) in 2017 and 2018. The CE of T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of T1 and CK treatments at R1 and R3 stages. The maximum carboxylation efficiency (Vcmax), maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax) and triose phosphate utilization (TPU) of Rubisco of T1 and T2 treatments were significantly higher than those of CK treatment. In conclusion, the optimized cultivation pattern (T2 treatment) maintained the photosynthetic capacity of leaves, promoted the use of weak light for photosynthesis, and increased the adaptability of maize to light and CO2. Thus, T2 treatment enhanced the transport capacity of photosynthetic products and carbon fixation and carboxylation capacity of leaves, promoted grain filling, and improved the efficiency of resource utilization and maize yield. It is suitable for popularization and application in the semi\|arid area of Western Jilin Province. |
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