| 张占琴,张力,田海燕,杨相昆.不同前茬作物对小麦田土壤养分及小麦光合性能的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(1):30~41 |
| 不同前茬作物对小麦田土壤养分及小麦光合性能的影响 |
| Effects of different preceding crops on soil nutrient content and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.01.04 |
| 中文关键词: 前茬作物 轮作 小麦 土壤养分 光合气体交换参数 荧光参数 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:preceding crops rotation wheat soil nutrient content photosynthetic gas exchange parameters chlorophyll fluorescence parameters yield quality |
| 基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目（2018AA005）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项项目（201503120） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在天山北坡棉花主产区，设置棉花-棉花-春小麦（C-C-W）、春小麦+复播饲料油菜-棉花-春小麦(W-C-W)两种轮作模式，以春小麦+复播饲料油菜连作为对照(CK)，研究轮作倒茬后麦田土壤养分含量的变化规律，以及轮作倒茬后对小麦光合特性、产量的影响。结果表明：（1）W-C-W模式和CK土壤有机质含量分别提高1.61 g·kg-1和1.89 g·kg-1，轮作模式（W-C-W和C-C-W）有效减缓碱解氮和速效磷的损失，增加全氮、全磷含量，降低土壤电导率，降幅为220.33~278.67 μs·cm-1；（2）W-C-W模式在蜡熟期净光合速率（Pn）、光能利用率（LUE）、水分利用效率（WUE）及潜在水分利用效率（WUEi）较CK提高10.51%、136.49%、35.88%、33.26%, C-C-W处理在蜡熟期LUE、WUE、WUEi较CK提高15.85%、3.24%、0.71%；（3）轮作模式提高了小麦灌浆中期以后的最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）及实际光化学量子产量(Y(Ⅱ))等叶绿素荧光特征参数，提高了灌浆中期以后叶片吸收的光能进入光化学的部分（P）所占比例、电子传递速率，有效提高了小麦的光合作用能力；（4）W-C-W模式全生育期叶面积指数（LAI）和群体光合势（LAD）最高，冠层开度（DIFN）较低，后期平均叶倾角（MTA）较大，最终干物质积累量、产量均最高，分别为22 564、8 925 kg·hm-2。综上所述，小麦与棉花隔年轮作有利于培肥土壤、改善小麦冠层结构、提高光合效率、促进干物质积累和产量的形成。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the change of soil nutrient content in wheat fields and the effect of crop rotation on gas exchange parameters, fluorescence parameters, yield of wheat after crop rotation, 2 crop rotation modes of cotton\|cotton\|spring wheat (C-C-W) and spring wheat + resowing feed rape\|cotton\|spring wheat (W-C-W) with a control (CK) of the spring wheat + resowing feed rape were set in the main cotton producing areas located at the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains. The results showed that: (1) The soil organic matter content of W-C-W mode and CK increased by 1.61 g/kg and 1.89 g·kg-1, respectively. The rotation mode (W-C-W and C-C-W) effectively slowed down the loss of alkali\|hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus, increased the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus, and reduced the soil conductivity by 220.33~278. 67 μs·cm-1. (2) The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), light energy utilization efficiency (LUE), water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) of W-C-W mode were increased by 10.51%, 136.49%, 35.88%, and 33.26% compared with CK during the ripening stage. The C-C-W treatment increased LUE, WUE, WUEi by 15.85%, 3.24%, and 0.71% compared with CK. (3) Under the rotation mode, the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic parameters such as the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and the actual photochemical quantum yield (Y(Ⅱ)) of wheat after the middle grain filling period were increased. The proportion of light energy absorbed by leaves entering photochemistry (P) and the electron transfer rate were increased after the middle\|filling period, which effectively improved the photosynthesis ability of wheat. (4) The W-C-W mode had the highest leaf area index (LAI) and leaf area duration (LAD) in the whole growth period, lower canopy openness (DIFN), higher mean leaf angle (MTA) in the later period, and the highest final dry matter accumulation and yield were 22 564 kg·hm-2 and 8 925 kg·hm-2, respectively. In conclusion, the rotation of wheat and cotton every other year improved the soil fertility, canopy structure and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat and promoted dry matter accumulation and yield formation. Thus, this rotation mode is worth promoting and spreading. |
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