| 刘露露,刘根红,买晓凤,薛垠鑫,张倩,杨世琦.宁夏引黄灌区春小麦复种牧草模式的综合效益评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(1):50~60 |
| 宁夏引黄灌区春小麦复种牧草模式的综合效益评价 |
| Comprehensive benefits evaluation of spring wheat multiple cropping forage grass in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.01.06 |
| 中文关键词: 宁夏引黄灌区 春小麦 牧草 复种 综合效益 |
| 英文关键词:Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area spring wheat forage grass multiple cropping comprehensive benefits |
| 基金项目:宁夏回族自治区科技重大专项（2019BBF02007） |
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| 中文摘要: |
通过麦后不同牧草种类种植效益及潜力研究，探索宁夏引黄灌区麦后复种的粮饲高效种植模式。在对宁夏引黄灌区2010—2019年10 a主要农业气象资料分析的基础上，对宁夏引黄灌区春小麦复种的8种牧草（苏丹草、小黑麦、冬牧70黑麦、燕麦、箭筈碗豆、草木犀、高粱、油菜）类型，运用层次分析法(AHP)，选取经济效益、资源利用效率、地力提升3个二级指标，净收益、产投比等12个三级指标进行综合评价。结果表明:宁夏引黄灌区近10 a平均气温、最高气温、最低气温均值分别为10.5℃、37.0℃、-19.0℃；年均≥0℃和≥10℃积温分别为4 269℃、3 569℃，增温速率为211.71℃·10a-1；日照时数呈显著下降趋势，日照时长均值是2 933 h，倾向率为-10.36 h·10a-1。运用层次分析法对灌区春小麦后复种的8种牧草综合分析表明：油菜在三级指标C1~C8(实际产量占理论产量比值、水资源产出率、氮肥产出率、磷肥产出率、产量、净收益、产投比、粗蛋白量)中表现较高，其效益值分别为0.35、0.35、0.10、0.10、1.35、1.20、0.80、0.30；箭筈碗豆在指标C9~C11(有机质、碱解氮、有效磷)中效益值较高，分别为0.20、0.09、3.26；草木犀在评价指标C12(pH值的倒数) 值为0.05，效果较好。宁夏引黄灌区气候资源理论上能满足麦后复种两季短生育期作物生长需求；灌区麦后复种牧草综合效益最高的为油菜，其值为7.16，其次为箭筈碗豆、草木犀、高粱、燕麦,适宜于宁夏引黄灌区大面积推广。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The experiment was conducted to study the planting benefit and potential of different forage species and explore the efficient grain and feed planting modes of multiple cropping after wheat planting in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area. It was hoped that the study would provide theoretical support for the reform of multiple cropping in this area. The main agricultural meteorological data from 2010 to 2019 in the irrigation area of Ningxia were compiled. Using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), three secondary indexes of the economic benefit, the resources use efficiency and soil fertility improvement and 12 of the third level indexes including net income and VCR were selected among 8 types of grass (Sudan grass, small 70 rye, oats, rye, winter arrow Kuo peas, sweet clover, sorghum, rape) for comprehensive evaluation in the spring wheat cropping irrigation area of Ningxia. The mean temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area in recent ten years were 10.5℃, 37.0℃ and -19.0℃, respectively. The average annual accumulated temperature ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ was 4 269℃ and 3 569℃, respectively, and the warming rate was 211.71℃·10a-1. The number of sunshine hours showed a significant downward trend. The average length of sunshine hours was 2 933 h, and the trend rate was -10.36 h·10a-1. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to spring wheat in the irrigation area of 8 kinds of forage grass comprehensive analysis showed that rape in the three-level index C1~C8 (the actual yield of theoretical yield ratio, water productivity, output rate of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer production, output, net income, VCR, crude protein content) had high performance, and the benefit values were 0.35, 0.35, 0.10, 0.10, 1.35, 1.20, 0.80, 0.30. The benefit values of arrowhead pea in C9~C11 (organic matter, alkali\|hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus) were 0.20, 0.09 and 3.26, respectively. The value of C12(reciprocal of pH) was 0.05, which showed a higher benefit. The climatic resources in Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area theoretically met the growth demand of crops with two short growth periods after multiple cropping of wheat. The highest comprehensive benefit of multi\|planting forage after wheat was rape, with a value of 7.16 (followed by arrowhead pea, sweet clover, sorghum and oat), which was suitable for large\|scale production in the irrigated area. |
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