| 阮晓晗,白一茹,王幼奇,高小龙.基于多指标分析和分形维数的不同种植年限压砂地基质流与优先流特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(1):86~94 |
| 基于多指标分析和分形维数的不同种植年限压砂地基质流与优先流特征研究 |
| Characteristics of matrix flow and preferential flow in gravel\|sand mulched field in different planting years based on multi\|index analysis and fractal dimension |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.01.10 |
| 中文关键词: 优先流 基质流 分形维数 压砂地 种植年限 |
| 英文关键词:preferential flow matrix flow fractal dimension gravel\|sand mulched field planting years |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41867003,41761049)；宁夏自然科学基金(2020AAC03049)；宁夏青年科技人才托举工程项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为明晰不同种植年限压砂地土壤优先流和基质流状况、改善区域水分生态环境，以宁夏不同种植年限（2、5、10、20、30 a和40 a）压砂地为研究对象，通过野外染色示踪试验，结合形态学、多指标分析及分形理论对不同年限压砂地土壤优先流和基质流特征进行分析。结果表明：随种植年限增长，土壤容重显著增大（P<0.05），饱和导水率显著降低（P<0.05），压砂地砾石粒径配比基本表现为大于5 mm粒径砾石占比减少、小于5 mm粒径砾石占比增加；种植5、10、20、30、40 a较2 a的染色面积比减少了34.60%、35.02%、47.51%、64.71%、72.15%，基质流深度分别减少了12.46、14.77、17.60、22.47、23.45 cm，基质流比为2 a（98.61%）>5 a（86.35%）>10 a（74.89%）>20 a（74.49%）>30 a（64.11%）>40 a（63.76%），优先流比为2 a(1.39%)＜5 a(13.65%)＜10 a(25.11%)＜20 a(25.52%)＜30 a(35.89%)＜40 a(36.24%)，湿润锋迹线的分形维数表现为2 a<10 a<5 a<20 a<30 a<40 a，即种植年限增加，湿润锋迹线的不规律性呈增大趋势。综合染色特征参数和分形维数可知种植年限越长，压砂地染色形态的不均匀性越高，基质流区占比逐渐减小，优先流区占比逐渐增大、发育程度增高。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To clarify the preferential and matrix flow of gravel\|sand mulched field with different planting years and improve the regional water ecological environment,the soil preferential flow and matrix flow characteristics in gravel\|sand mulched field in different planting years (2, 5, 10, 20, 30 a and 40 a) were analyzed by the field dyeing tracer test, combined with morphology, multi\|index analysis and fractal theory. The gravel\|mulched land with different planting years was used as the research object. The results showed that with the increase of planting years, the soil bulk density increased significantly (P<0.05), and the saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased significantly (P<0.05). The ratio of the gravel size of the sand\|pressed ground basically showed that the proportion of gravels larger than 5 mm decreased, and the proportion of gravels smaller than 5 mm increased. Compared with 2 a, the dyeing area ratio of 5, 10, 20, 30 a, and 40 a was reduced by 34.60%, 35.02%, 47.51%, 64.71%, and 72.15%, and the depth of matrix flow decreased by 12.46, 14.77, 17.6, 22.47, 23.45 cm, respectively. The matrix flow ratios were 2 a (98.61%)> 5 a (86.35%)> 10 a (74.89%)> 20 a (74.49%)> 30 a (64.11%)> 40 a (63.76%), and the preferential flow ratios were 2 a(1.39%)＜5 a(13.65%)＜10 a(25.11%)＜20 a(25.52%)＜30 a(35.89%)＜40 a(36.24%). The fractal dimension of the wet front trace was 2 a<10 a<5 a<20 a<30 a<40 a, meaning when the planting age increased, the irregularity of the wet front trace increased too. Comprehensive dyeing characteristic parameters and fractal dimensions indicated that the longer the planting years, the higher the unevenness of the dyeing morphology of the gravel\|sand mulched field became.The proportion of matrix flow area gradually decreased while the proportion of preferential flow area and the degree of development increased over time. |
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