| 高国英,张睿,汪娟梅,王雅,黄西社,武蓉,王云奇,王笑鸽,赵建云.富硒营养素对关中灌区小麦籽粒硒含量和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(1):230~237 |
| 富硒营养素对关中灌区小麦籽粒硒含量和产量的影响 |
| Effects of selenium\|rich nutrient fertilizer on grains selenium content and yield of wheat in Guanzhong irrigation area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.01.26 |
| 中文关键词: 富硒营养素 小麦 籽粒硒含量 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:selenium\|rich nutrient wheat grains selenium content yield quality |
| 基金项目:陕西省小麦高产高效技术集成与推广（NYKJ-2018-YL14）；杨凌弘本农业科技股份有限公司资助“富硒功能农产品研发” |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探索适宜关中灌区富硒小麦生产的农艺技术，2018—2019年在关中灌区4个具有代表性的地点三原、兴平、武功和临渭进行试验，供试小麦品种为中麦578，试验设置CK、叶面单次喷施（T1 2.7 kg·hm-2、T2 5.4 kg·hm-2）和两次喷施（T3 2.7 kg·hm-2 +2.7 kg·hm-2、T4 5.4 kg·hm-2 +2.7 kg·hm-2）共5个处理，于抽穗后7 d和14 d进行叶面喷施富硒营养素。结果表明：在2.7 kg·hm-2和5.4 kg·hm-2单次喷施下，小麦籽粒硒含量较CK分别增加376.83%和604.62%，在单次喷施处理的基础上增加第二次2.7 kg·hm-2的喷施，籽粒硒含量分别较T1、T2提高193.93%和114.66%；叶面喷施富硒营养素后小麦产量提高3.14%~4.60%，千粒重增加1.01%~1.26%，穗粒数增加0.69%~2.27%，小穗数增加0.66%~2.61%，不孕小穗数增加2.00%~4.70%；首次用5.4 kg·hm-2富硒营养素处理使小麦二次加工品质湿面筋含量、稳定时间分别比首次用2.7 kg·hm-2处理提高3.49%、8.25%，一次加工品质籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量、沉降值在各处理下差异不显著；富硒营养素总用量相同下T2单次喷施比T3分次喷施湿面筋和稳定时间分别提高2.20%和4.73%。叶面喷施富硒营养素的用量和次数皆会影响小麦籽粒硒含量、产量和品质；同时，当地土壤硒含量和肥力状况也会影响叶面喷施富硒营养素后小麦籽粒对硒的富集效果，在关中灌区土壤硒含量丰富地区可采用高富硒营养素用量单次叶面喷施的方式来提高小麦籽粒硒含量，而土壤硒缺乏地区采用低富硒营养素用量多次喷施的方式可更加经济有效地生产籽粒硒含量高且能兼顾产量和品质的小麦。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The purpose of this study was to explore the agronomic technology suitable for the production of selenium\|rich wheat in Guanzhong irrigated area to provide technical support for the extension of the industrial chain of strong gluten wheat of Zhongmai 578. The experiment was carried out in four representative locations in Guanzhong irrigation area: Sanyuan, Xingping, Wugong and Linwei. The wheat variety Zhongmai 578 was selected in the experiment. Five treatments of leaf spraying with selenium\|rich nutrient were set including CK, T1 (2.7 kg·hm-2), T2 (5.4 kg·hm-2), T3 (2.7 kg·hm-2+ 2.7 kg·hm-2) and T4 (5.4 kg·hm- 2+ 2.7 kg·hm-2). With the increase of selenium\|rich nutrient dosage, under the single application of 2.7 kg·hm-2 and 5.4 kg·hm-2, the grains selenium content of wheat was increased by 376.83% and 604.62%, respectively. Adding 2.7 kg·hm-2 for the second spraying treatment on the basis of two single spraying treatments further increased the grain selenium content by 193.93% and 114.66%, respectively. The yield, 1000-grain weight, grain number per ear, spikelet number and infertility spikelet were increased by 3.14%~4.60%, 1.01%~1.26%, 0.69%~2.27%, 0.66%~2.61% and 2.00%~4.70% with selenium\|rich nutrient spraying. Compared with 2.7 kg·hm-2, the wet gluten content and stabilization time of secondary processing quality of wheat treated with 5.4 kg·hm-2 selenium\|rich nutrients increased by 3.49% and 8.25%, respectively. There were no significant differences in grain hardness, protein content and sedimentation of primary processing quality under different treatments. The wet gluten and stabilization time of T2 with the same total amount of selenium enriched nutrients were increased by 2.20% and 4.73% respectively compared with T3. The amount and a number of times of leaf selenium\|rich nutrient spraying affected the grain Se content, yield and quality of wheat. At the same time, the selenium content and fertility of local soil also affected the grain selenium enrichment capability after foliar spraying selenium\|rich nutrient. In summary, the relatively high selenium soil in Guanzhong irrigation area is recommended to use a single and high dosage of selenium\|rich nutrient spraying on the leaf to improve the grain selenium content, while the selenium deficient area with low dosages and multiple times of selenium\|rich nutrient spraying can be an economical way to improve the content of grain selenium, wheat yield and quality of Zhongmai 578 wheat. |
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