| 李瑞雅,孙敏,任爱霞,林文,秦基伟,李蕾,卢鹏飞,高志强.耕作模式和播种方式对旱地小麦产量形成的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(2):17~26 |
| 耕作模式和播种方式对旱地小麦产量形成的影响 |
| Effects of tillage and seeding methods on yield formation of dryland wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.02.03 |
| 中文关键词: 旱地小麦 探墒沟播 休闲期深翻 土壤水分 产量形成 |
| 英文关键词:dryland wheat furrow sowing deep ploughing during leisure fallow period soil moisture content yield formation |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-03-01-24）；国家自然科学基金项目（31771727）；科技部对发展中国家科技援助项目（KY202002002）；山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励资金科研项目(SXYBKY2018044)；山西省高等学校科技创新项目（2019L0385）；山西农业大学科技创新基金项目（2019001） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2015—2017年在山西省闻喜旱地小麦试验示范基地开展大田试验，以耕作模式为主区，设休闲期深翻和免耕两种模式，以播种方式为副区，设探墒沟播、膜际条播和常规条播3种方式，研究旱地小麦土壤水分、产量形成和经济效益的差异。结果表明：休闲期深翻显著提高旱地小麦播前0~300 cm土壤蓄水效益，达46.97%~240.44%；提高旱地小麦生育时期土壤耗水量，达6.48%~13.07%；提高穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和产量，分别达3.32%~7.22%、3.67%~6.53%、1.11%~3.61%、10.23%~13.16%。探墒沟播和膜际条播较常规条播显著提高了旱地小麦茎蘖成穗率，达5.99%～16.87%，显著提高穗长0.8~1.7 cm，提高可孕小穗数1~3个；提高了穗数、穗粒数，分别达5.28%~15.75%和1.51%~11.25%，此外，休闲期深翻后采用探墒沟播较膜际条播减少投入1 200元·hm-2，主要是旋耕机械投入、地膜和回收地膜人工投入，增加经济效益622~754元·hm-2。休闲期深翻后采用探墒沟播较常规条播减少投入300元·hm-2，主要为耕地机械投入，增加经济效益1 430~1 899元·hm-2。总之，休闲期深翻有利于蓄积休闲期降水，改善底墒，且结合探墒沟播更有利于提高0~300 cm土壤蓄水量，从而优化产量构成因素，实现增产增效。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Two major tillage methods of deep ploughing and no tillage and three sowing methods of furrow sowing, film mulch sowing and drilling sowing were designed to examine the effect of soil water on the dry land wheat yield formation and economic benefits during 2015-2017 in Shanxi Province Wenxi dryland wheat field experiment demonstration base. The results showed that deep ploughing during the fallow period significantly improved the soil water storage efficiency of 0~300 cm before planting in dryland wheat, reaching 46.97%~240.44%, which increased the soil water consumption during the growth period of dryland wheat from 6.48% to 13.07%. The number of ears, grains per ear, thousand\|seed weight and yield were increased by 3.32%~7.22%, 3.67%~6.53%, 1.11%~3.61%, 10.23%~13.16%, respectively. Compared with drilling sowing, the furrow sowing and film mulch sowing significantly increased the ear\|forming rate of dryland wheat by 5.99%~16.87%, and significantly increased the ear length by 0.8 cm to 1.7 cm. The number of fertile spikelets was increased 1 to 3. The number of ears and grains per ear increased to 5.28%~15.75% and 1.51%~11.25%, respectively. In addition, the use of moisturizing and furrow sowing after deep ploughing during the fallow period reduced the investment by 1 200 Yuan·hm-2 compared with inter\|film mulch sowing, mainly due to rotation. Farm machinery input, plastic film and artificial input of recycled plastic film increased the economic benefit by 622~754 Yuan·hm-2. After deep ploughing during the fallow period, the use of moisturizing and furrow sowing reduced the investment by 300 Yuan·hm-2 compared with conventional drilling sowing. Farmland machinery investment increased economic benefits by 1 430~1 899 Yuan·hm-2. In summary, deep ploughing during the fallow period was beneficial to accumulate precipitation and improve the bottom moisture. Combined with the exploration of soil moisture and furrow sowing was more conducive to increasing the soil water storage capacity of 0~300 cm, thereby optimizing the yield components and realizing the increase in production and efficiency. |
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