| 张占琴,王建江,颉健辉,田海燕,牛媛,杨相昆.轮作倒茬对棉花光合性能的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(2):38~46 |
| 轮作倒茬对棉花光合性能的影响 |
| Photosynthetic characteristics of cotton under crop rotation conditions |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.02.05 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花 轮作倒茬 光合性能 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:cotton crop rotation photosynthetic performance production fiber quality |
| 基金项目:新疆生产建设兵团重大科技项目（2018AA005）；农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503120） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 于2017—2018年在天山北坡棉花主产区连续2 a开展大田定点试验，选择连作4 a的棉田来轮作春小麦+复播饲料油菜，饲料油菜秋天翻压作绿肥后来年种植棉花，以连作5 a以上的棉田作为对照，研究轮作倒茬后对下茬棉花气体交换参数、荧光参数、光响应、产量及品质的影响。研究结果表明：（1）轮作倒茬后，显著提高了棉花的净光合速率，尤其是在生育后期这种趋势更明显，净光合速率提高了44.88%～50.37%。轮作倒茬能提高棉花开花后期的光能利用率18.82%～59.17%和水分利用效率28.01%～68.35%。（2）轮作倒茬条件下，棉花开花中后期叶片光反应中心II（PSII）的光化学反应活性提高了8.31%～25.59%，整个生育期PSⅡ的实际光化学量子产量提高了3.42%～23.39%，开花前期和后期电子传递速率分别提高了47.78%和73.28%。（3）轮作倒茬模式下棉花产量提高了6.70%～16.11%，处理间品质差异不显著。综上，棉花长期连作后，利用小麦+复播饲料油菜这种高强度利用土地的方式来进行轮作倒茬，仍能提高棉花的光合效率，从而达到增产的效果，但对棉花品质的影响不显著。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To study the growth and development rules of cotton under crop rotation, field experiments were carried out in the main cotton production areas of the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains for two consecutive years in 2017 and 2018. The cotton fields for four consecutive years were selected to rotate spring wheat + reseeded feed rape, and the feed rape was turned over in autumn as green manure to plant cotton in the following years. The cotton fields for more than five consecutive years were used as control to study the effects of rotation on gas exchange parameters, fluorescence parameters, rapid light curves, yield and quality of cotton in the following years. The results showed that: (1) After rotation, net photosynthetic rate of cotton was significantly increased, especially at late growth stage, this trend was more obvious, and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 44.88%~50.37%. The light energy use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) were increased by 18.82%~59.17% and 28.01%~68.35% in cotton at late flowering period by rotational cropping. (2) Under the condition of inversion rotation, the photochemical activity of photosystem II (PSII) increased by 8.31%~25.59% at middle and late flowering period. The actual photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡincreased by 3.42%~23.39% in the whole growth period. The electron transfer rate increased by 47.78% and 73.28% at early and late flowering period respectively. (3) The yield of cotton increased by 6.70%~16.11% and the quality of cotton had no significant difference under the rotation mode. These experimental results indicate that after continuous cropping of cotton for a long time, using wheat + replanting fodder rapeseed as a high\|intensity land use method for crop rotation and reverse cropping could still improve the photosynthetic efficiency of cotton, so as to achieve the effect of increasing yield, but it had no significant effect on cotton quality. |
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