| 薛新伟,杨恒山,张瑞富.不同灌溉模式对西辽河平原玉米根系形态特征和生理生化特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(2):111~118 |
| 不同灌溉模式对西辽河平原玉米根系形态特征和生理生化特性的影响 |
| Effects of different irrigation methods on root morphological and physiological biochemical characteristics of maize in the West Liaohe Plain |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.02.14 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 灌溉方式 根系形态 根系生理 西辽河平原 |
| 英文关键词:maize irrigation methods root morphology root physiology West Liaohe Plain |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31860353）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0300805）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2019MS03073）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2018LH03007） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究了西辽河平原灌区3 种主要灌溉方式（浅埋滴灌、膜下滴灌和传统畦灌）对玉米根系形态特征和生理生化特性的影响。采用大田对比试验，以农华101为供试品种，大小垄种植（小垄行距40 cm，大垄行距80 cm），种植密度7.5万株·hm-2，在设定的灌溉定额下（膜下滴灌和浅埋滴灌为3 150 m3·hm-2、传统畦灌为4 500 m3·hm-2），测定和分析了玉米根系形态和生理生化指标及籽粒产量。玉米籽粒产量浅埋滴灌和传统畦灌均高于膜下滴灌，且与膜下滴灌之间的差异均达到了显著水平，其中2017年分别提高了5.75%和4.62%，2018年分别提高了13.82%和7.25%；根干质量0～20 cm土层吐丝期膜下滴灌和浅埋滴灌较传统畦灌高15.72%和8.21%，二者与传统畦灌之间的差异均达显著水平，完熟期浅埋滴灌较膜下滴灌和传统畦灌分别高10.96%和11.95%，且与二者之间的差异均达到了显著水平；吐丝期株间、行间根幅10 cm土层处以膜下滴灌最高，30 cm土层处以浅埋滴灌最高、膜下滴灌最低，且二者间的差异达显著水平；根条数吐丝期10 cm、20 cm土层处以膜下滴灌最高，传统畦灌最低，二者间差异均达到了显著水平；30 cm土层处浅埋滴灌和传统畦灌均显著高于膜下滴灌；根长在吐丝期0～20 cm土层以膜下滴灌最高、传统畦灌最低，完熟期以浅埋滴灌最高、膜下滴灌最低；根系SOD、POD活性在吐丝期0～20 cm土层处理间差异不显著，乳熟期以传统畦灌最高、膜下滴灌最低，二者之间差异达到显著水平；MDA含量在0～20 cm土层处理间差异不显著，40～60 cm土层膜下滴灌均显著高于浅埋滴灌和传统畦灌。浅埋滴灌处理下玉米根系生育后期SOD、POD活性降低较慢，MDA含量升高较慢，使得根系在生育后期保持了较强的活力，是籽粒产量较高的主要原因。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To provide a theoretical basis for regulating nitrogen and water utilization efficiency with fertigation in maize, the effects of three main irrigation methods of shallow buried drip irrigation (SBDI), traditional border irrigation (TBI) and mulched drip irrigation (MDI)on morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize roots in the irrigation area of the West Liaohe Plain were studied. In the field contrast experiment, Nonghua 101 was used as the testing maize variety,the planting mode was wide\|narrow row (80 cm+40 cm), the planting density was 75 000 plants·hm-2, and the irrigation quota was 3 150 m3·hm-2 for SBDI and MDI, and 4 500 m3·hm-2 for TBI.The root morphology, physiological and biochemical indexes and grain yield of maize were measured and analyzed under the condition of field contrast test.The grain yield of SBDI and TBI was all higher than that of MDI, and the difference with MDI reached a significant level, which was 5.75% and 4.62% higher in 2017 and 13.82% and 7.25% higher in 2018. During the silking stage, in the 0~20 cm soil layer, the total root weight of MDI and SBDI was 15.72% and 8.21% higher than that of TBI, respectively, and there were significant differences between SBDI, MDI and TBI. During the mature stage, SBDI was 10.96% and 11.95% higher than that of MDI and TBI, and there were significant differences between SBDI and MDI, TBI. At silking stage, the root range of MDI was the highest in 10 cm soil layer, and the root width was highest in SBDI and lowest in the MDI in 30 cm soil layer. There were significant differences between SBDI and MDI. During the silking stage, the number of roots of MDI was the highest at 10 cm and 20 cm soil layers, while TBI was the lowest, and the difference between them was significant. The number of roots for both SBDI and TBI in the soil layer of 30 cm were significantly higher than that of MDI. In the 0~20 cm soil layer, the root length of MDI was the largest, while that of TBI was the smallest at silking stage. But at mature stage the root length of SBDI was the largest, and that of MDI was the smallest.At silking stage, the SOD and POD activity of root were not significant between treatments in the 0~20 cm soil layer, and the highest was in TBI and the lowest was in the MDI at milking stage with significant differences between TBI and MDI. At silking stage the MDA content of root were not significant between treatments in 0~20 cm soil layer, but in 40~60 cm soil layer, the MDI was significantly higher than SBDI and TBI. At later growth stage, the root SOD and POD activity of SBDI decreased slowly, while the SBDA content increased slowly. The strong activity of maize roots in the late growth stage was an important physiological basis for its high yield and high efficiency. |
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