| 李夏雯,卢树昌.水分管理对旱直播稻生长、氮磷吸收及土壤分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(2):137~143 |
| 水分管理对旱直播稻生长、氮磷吸收及土壤分布的影响 |
| Effects of water management on growth, uptake and soil distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in dry direct seeding rice |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.02.17 |
| 中文关键词: 旱直播稻 水分管理 生长 氮磷吸收 土壤氮磷分布 |
| 英文关键词:dry direct seeding rice water management growth nitrogen and phosphorus absorption soil nitrogen and phosphorus distribution |
| 基金项目:天津市重点研发计划科技支撑重点项目（19YFZCSN00290） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为提高旱直播稻的水分利用效率、降低旱直播稻田土壤氮、磷素环境风险，本文采用两种水分管理方式，即湿润灌溉（T1）和关键需水期灌溉（T2），研究水分管理对旱直播稻生长、养分吸收及稻田土壤氮、磷素迁移情况的影响。结果表明，T2处理有利于促进旱直播稻中后期生长，在拔节孕穗期株高为80.61 cm，SPAD值为41.03，均显著高于T1，光合速率较T1高出20.73%；在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期和灌浆期叶面积分别为40.08、37.49 cm2和32.35 cm2，较T1分别提高9.24%、6.11%和13.51%。T1处理的干物质量和总吸氮量较高，分别为30 568.65 kg·hm-2和287.70 kg·hm-2，T2处理总吸磷量高于T1，为44.85 kg·hm-2，其稻谷吸磷量达26.70 kg·hm-2。T1产量构成因子优势明显，产量较高，为12 666.00 kg·hm-2。T2处理下土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加，较种植前增幅达38.21%和73.33%，分别较T1增加3.94%和6.82%。土壤氮、磷迁移方面，T2能够显著降低4个土层（0~30，30~60，60~90，90~120 cm）的硝态氮、有效磷和水溶性磷含量，降幅分别为17.48%～65.92%、16.18%～57.47%和10.34%～7.53%，对减缓土壤氮、磷迁移有显著效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Two water management methods, namely moist irrigation (T1) and critical water demand irrigation (T2), were used to study the effect of water management on the growth, nutrient absorption and nitrogen and phosphorus migration of dry direct seeding rice and improve the water use of dry direct seeding rice and reduce the environmental risk of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in dry direct seeding rice field. The results showed that T2 treatment was beneficial to promote the growth of dry direct seeding rice in the middle and late stage. The plant height was 80.61 cm at jointing booting stage, the SPAD value was 41.03, which were significantly higher than T1. The photosynthetic rate was 20.73% higher than T1, and the leaf areas were 40.08, 37.49 cm2 and 32.35 cm2 at tillering stage, jointing booting stage and filling stage, which was 9.24%, 6.11% and 13.51% higher than that of T1, respectively. The dry matter mass and total nitrogen uptake of T1 treatment were higher, which were 30 568.65 kg·hm-2 and 287.70 kg·hm-2， respectively. The total phosphorus uptake of T2 treatment was higher than T1, which was 44.85 kg·hm-2, and the phosphorus uptake of rice was 26.70 kg·hm-2. T1 had obvious advantages in yield components, with a higher yield of 12 666.00 kg·hm-2. Under T2 treatment, the activities of soil urease and alkaline phosphatase increased significantly, up to 38.21% and 73.33% compared with the basic value, and 3.94% and 6.82% compared with T1. In terms of soil nitrogen and phosphorus migration, T2 significantly reduced the content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus and water\|soluble phosphorus in four soil layers (0~30, 30~60, 60~90 cm and 90~120 cm), with the decrease of 17.48%~65.92%, 16.18%~57.47% and 10.34%~7.53%， respectively. The reduction had a significant effect on slowing down soil nitrogen and phosphorus migration. |
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