满本菊,王建鹏,刘吉利,吴娜.马铃薯豆类间作复合系统氮素吸收利用特性研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(2):153~162
马铃薯豆类间作复合系统氮素吸收利用特性研究
Study on nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics of potato and beans intercropping system
  
DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.02.19
中文关键词:  马铃薯  间作  豆类  氮素利用  土地当量比
英文关键词:potato  intercropping  beans  nitrogen utilization  land equivalent ratio[HJ0][HJ]
基金项目:宁夏自然科学基金(2021AAC03094);国家自然科学基金(31660376);宁夏大学研究生创新项目(GIP2020036)
作者单位
满本菊 宁夏大学农学院宁夏 银川 750021 
王建鹏 宁夏大学农学院宁夏 银川 750021 
刘吉利 宁夏大学环境工程研究院宁夏 银川 750021 
吴娜 宁夏大学农学院宁夏 银川 750021 
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中文摘要:
      为减缓宁夏南部山区马铃薯连作障碍,本试验于2020年3―10月采用随机区组设计,设置单作蚕豆(IB)、单作大豆(IS)、单作马铃薯(IP)、马铃薯间作大豆(PS)、马铃薯间作蚕豆(PB)5种不同种植模式,探究不同间作模式对马铃薯氮素含量、土壤氮素及产量的影响,以期为宁南山区农田生态系统的可持续发展提供理论依据。研究表明,间作整体上提高了马铃薯根、茎、块茎的氮素含量和分配比例,降低了叶部氮素含量和分配比例。PS有效提高了土壤碱解氮和全氮含量,降低了铵态氮和硝态氮含量。碱解氮含量除苗期和成熟期外均以PS最高,现蕾期至块茎膨大期在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层分别较IP和PB高出14.14%~26.19%、2.25%~24.59%、1.54%~29.18%和1.02%~3.45%、2.08%~2.85%、2.73%~3.23%;全氮除苗期外均为PS最高,现蕾期至成熟期在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm分别较IP和PB高出8.00%~21.93%、15.46%~59.2%、19.44%~54.41%和6.05%~14.48%、4.41%~36.23%、12.24%~28.08%;硝态氮从苗期至成熟期均为PS最低,在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm分别较IP和PB降低30.37%~63.11%、15.92%~67.81%、31.93%~79.56%和8.06%~63.11%、3.35%~67.81%、13.08%~35.18%;铵态氮从苗期至成熟期均为PS最低,在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm分别较IP和PB降低14.21%~39.76%、31.69%~57.46%、44.09%~52.98%和4.91%~37.25%、4.91%~37.59%、1.39%~37.51%。隶属函数分析结果为PS处理综合评价最优,且其土地当量比最大,种间竞争最小,在生产中宜推广的种植模式为马铃薯间作大豆。
英文摘要:
      Five different planting patterns of monocropping broad bean (IB), monocropping soybean (IS), monocropping potato (IP), potato intercropping soybean (PS) and potato intercropping broad bean (PB) were set up in a randomized block design from March to October in 2020 to explore the effects of different intercropping patterns on potato nitrogen content, soil nitrogen and yield in order to alleviate the obstacles of potato continuous cropping and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of farmland ecosystem in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia. The results showed that intercropping increased the nitrogen content and distribution ratio of potato roots, stems and tubers, but decreased the nitrogen content and distribution ratio of potato leaves. PS effectively increased the contents of alkali\|hydrolyzed nitrogen and total nitrogen, but decreased the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. The content of alkali\|hydrolyzable nitrogen was the highest except at seedling and mature stage. Compared with IP and PB, they were 14.14%~26.19%, 2.25%~24.59%, 1.54%~29.18% and 1.02%~3.45%, 2.08%~2.85% and 2.73%~3.23% higher from bud stage to tuber expansion at 0~20, 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm, respectively. PS was the highest for total nitrogen except at seedling stage. Compared with IP and PB at 0~20, 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm, they were 8.00%~21.93%, 15.46%~59.2%, 19.44%~54.41% and 6.05%~14.48%, 4.41%~36.23%, 12.24%~28.08%, respectively. The nitrate nitrogen was the highest in PS from seedling stage to maturity stage. At 0~20, 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm, they were 30.37%~63.11%, 15.92%~67.81%, 31.93%~79.56% lower than IP, and 8.06%~63.11%, 3.35%~67.81%, 13.08%~35.18% lower than PB. PS was the highest in ammonium nitrogen from seedling stage to maturity stage. At 0~20, 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm, they were 14.21%~39.76%, 31.69%~57.46%, 44.09%~52.98% and 4.91%~37.25%, 4.91%~37.59%, 1.39%~37.51% higher than IP and PB, respectively. The results of membership function analysis showed that the PS treatment had the best comprehensive evaluation, the land equivalent ratio was the largest, and the interspecific competition was the least. The planting mode suitable for popularizing in production was potato intercropping soybean.
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