| 成林,张志红,胡程达.一种干热风对冬小麦千粒重影响的评估方法[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(2):205~212 |
| 一种干热风对冬小麦千粒重影响的评估方法 |
| A method for evaluating impact of dry\|hot wind on 1000-kernel weight of winter wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.02.25 |
| 中文关键词: 干热风 千粒重 小麦灌浆期 光合 动态评估 |
| 英文关键词:dry\|hot wind 1000\|kernel weight wheat grain filling stage photosynthesis dynamic assessment |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（31601213）;国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301104) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为科学评估干热风灾害对冬小麦千粒重的影响，助力农业防灾减灾，采用叶片光合作用和干物质积累概念模型，于2010—2011、2011—2012年和2013—2014年在郑州农业气象试验站开展干热风控制试验研究。通过分析不同强度灾害与冬小麦叶片光合速率受胁迫程度的关系，对灾害影响下的光合作用速率进行修订，从而实现干热风灾害对千粒重影响的定量评估。结果表明：不同程度干热风使小麦叶片光合作用速率降低了0.66%~ 36.62%，日最高气温是造成胁迫最关键的气象因子；评估模型在正常年份、干热风典型年和试验条件下对千粒重的估算准确率均在95%以上，相对误差均小于4.5%；通过计算理想千粒重与实测千粒重的差值，评估得到，近年来代表站点灌浆前中期和临近收获期1~2 d轻干热风造成的千粒重损失为1~2 g，减产率为0~5%；其他时期不同程度干热风造成的千粒重损失为1~7 g不等，严重的减产率达12%~18%。综上，该评估方法有一定的适用推广性，能够相对真实地、动态地评估灌浆不同时期干热风对小麦千粒重的影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to estimate scientifically the influence of dry\|hot wind on 1000\|kernel weight of winter wheat and assist in agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, conceptual models of leaf photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation was adopted, and dry\|hot wind control tests were carried out at Zhengzhou Agrometeorological Experimental Station in years of 2010-2011，2011-2012 and 2013-2014. To evaluate quantitatively the impact of dry\|hot wind on 1000\|kernel weight, the relationship between different intensity of the hazard and stress degree of photosynthetic rate of winter wheat leaves was analyzed and the photosynthesis rate influenced by dry\|hot wind was revised. The results showed that the rate of leaf photosynthesis was reduced by 0.66%~36.62% under different degrees of the hazard. Daily maximum temperature was the most critical factor causing the stress.In normal years, typical years of dry\|hot wind and under field experimental conditions, the average accuracy of simulated 1000\|kernel weight by the evaluation model was higher than 95%, and the relative error was less than 4.5%. By calculating the difference between a hypothetic ideal 1000\|kernel weight and the measured value during the recent years at representative stations, the analysis indicated that the loss of 1000\|kernel weight was about 1~2 g and the loss of the final yield was 0~5% when the light hazard of dry\|hot wind lasted 1~2 days during the early middle stage of grain filling or approaching harvesting. In other stages, the loss of 1000\|kernel weight was 1~7 g, and the yield reduction rate reached to 12%~18% under serious hazard condition. This method for evaluating the impact of dry\|hot wind has a certain applicability, as it can objectively and dynamically assess the effects of dry\|hot wind on grain weight during the different grain filling stages. |
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