| 方静,史功赋,魏淑丽,程玉臣,张向前,王建国,安玉,赵小庆,路战远.干旱胁迫对春小麦旗叶生理特征及其根系抗旱基因表达特征的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(3):46~55 |
| 干旱胁迫对春小麦旗叶生理特征及其根系抗旱基因表达特征的影响 |
| Effects of drought stress on physiological characteristics of flag leaves and expression characteristics of drought\|resistant genes in roots of spring wheat |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.03.06 |
| 中文关键词: 春小麦 干旱胁迫 光合特性 生理指标 基因表达 |
| 英文关键词:spring wheat drought stress photosynthetic characteristics physiological indicators gene expression |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技计划重大专项项目（2020ZD005,2019ZD009，zdzx2018017）；国家自然科学基金项目（31860356）；“草原英才”工程领军人才项目;“草原英才”个人培养项目 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 研究干旱胁迫对春小麦品种旗叶生理特征及其根系抗旱基因表达的影响，对春小麦抗逆栽培和新品种选育具有重要意义。在大兴安岭西麓旱作区，以抗旱组及水敏感组春小麦品种为供试材料，进行干旱（旱棚防雨）和对照（调控补水）2种水分控制处理，分析干旱胁迫下不同春小麦品种旗叶光合指标、生理指标及根系抗旱基因表达差异。结果表明，干旱与对照处理间春小麦旗叶光合特性、生理特征及根系抗旱基因表达等指标均存在显著差异（P<0.05）；干旱胁迫下春小麦旗叶SPAD、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）显著降低，且抗旱组下降幅度显著低于水敏感组；而生理指标过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）均显著升高，丙二醛（MDA）显著降低；其中抗旱组中Pro含量为90.36 μg·g-1 ，显著高于水敏感组（70.36 μg·g-1），MDA含量（19.82 μmol·g-1）显著低于水敏感组（22.05 μmol·g-1 ）。TaXTH-7A、TaWlip19、TaWdreb2、TaBADHb基因在抗旱组中均为高表达，在水敏感组中均为低表达。相关分析结果表明，SPAD、Tr、Pn、Gs与干重呈显著正相关，而胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、SOD、MDA呈显著负相关。总之，干旱胁迫下抗旱组春小麦可以通过主动上调根系抗氧化酶类基因、渗透调节等相关基因表达来提高其旗叶POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性并增加Pro等水溶性物质在胞质中的含量，降低细胞内活性氧浓度，减少其对细胞的毒害作用，利于春小麦维持相对较高的光合速率，从而增强了其对干旱危害的抵御能力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The study on the effects of drought stress on the physiological characteristics of flag leaves and the expression of drought\|resistant genes in roots of spring wheat varieties is of great significance for stress\|resistant cultivation and new variety breeding of spring wheat. In this study, spring wheat varieties in the drought\|resistant group and the water\|sensitive group were used as test materials in the dry farming area at the western foot of Daxinganling. Two kinds of water control treatments were carried out: drought (rainproof in the dry shed) and control (regulation and replenishment of water). The differences of flag leaf photosynthetic indexes, physiological indexes, and root drought resistance gene expression of different varieties of spring wheat under drought stress were systematically analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics, physiological characteristics, and root drought resistance gene expression between drought and control treatments (P<0.05). Under drought stress, the relative chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and stomatal conductance (Gs<.sub>) of spring wheat flag leaves decreased significantly, and the decline range of drought\|resistant group was significantly lower than that of the water sensitive group. The physiological indexes POD, SOD, and Pro increased significantly, while MDA decreased significantly. Of which, the content of Pro in the drought resistance group was 90.36 μg·g-1, significantly higher than that in the water\|sensitive group (70.36 μmol·g-1), but the MDA content (19.82 μmol·g-1) was significantly lower than that in the water\|sensitive group (22.05 μmol·g-1). TaXTH-7A, TaWlip19, TaWdreb2 and TaBADHb gene were highly expressed in drought\|resistant group, and lowly expressed in water\|sensitive group. The results of correlation analysis showed that relative chlorophyll content, Tr, Pn, and Gs were significantly positively correlated with dry weight while intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), SOD, and MDA were significantly negatively correlated with it. In brief, under drought stress, drought resistance group spring wheat adjusted up the expression of root antioxidant enzyme genes and osmotic regulation gene automatically to raise the flag leaf POD and SOD activity of antioxidant enzymes, increase the content of Pro and other water\|soluble substances in the cytoplasm, reduce the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species, decrease its toxic effect on cells, and help spring wheat maintain a relatively high photosynthetic rate. Thus, the resistance to drought stress was enhanced. |
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