| 马嘉莹,王兴鹏,王洪博,王海瑞,王学成,李朝阳.咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及设施番茄产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(3):104~112 |
| 咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及设施番茄产量和品质的影响 |
| Effects of brackish water irrigation on soil water and salt distribution and yield and quality of facility tomatoes |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.03.13 |
| 中文关键词: 咸水灌溉 土壤盐分 土壤水分 设施番茄 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:brackish water irrigation soil salinity soil moisture facility tomato yield quality |
| 基金项目:塔里木大学校长基金创新团队项目（TDZKC202002）；国家自然科学基金项目（51669032）；兵团科技攻关项目（2018AB027） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明咸水灌溉对土壤水盐分布及设施番茄植株生长、产量和品质的影响，本试验以南疆地区设施番茄为研究对象，设置4个灌溉水矿化度，分别为2 g·L-1（T1）、4 g·L-1（T2）、6 g·L-1（T3）和8 g·L-1（T4），并以淡水灌溉为对照（CK），开展同一灌水定额条件下设施番茄适宜灌水矿化度的研究。结果表明：不同生育期阶段土壤含水率基本表现为20~60 cm土层较高，表层及深层土壤含水率相对较低，土壤含水率随着灌水矿化度的增大逐渐增加；0~80 cm土层平均土壤含水率在生育期内逐渐降低，且深层土壤降幅显著；生育期初始阶段土壤含盐量主要积聚在0~40 cm土层，随着生育期的推进土壤盐分呈累积趋势且向深层土壤运移，生育期末主要积聚在0~60 cm土层；灌水矿化度小于4 g·L-1时0~20 cm土层整体呈脱盐状态，其中CK处理平均脱盐率达27.79%，T1处理平均脱盐率达17.07%；灌水矿化度2~4 g·L-1促进了番茄植株生长，株高和茎粗相较CK分别增加5.32%~7.08%和8.23%~9.25%，6~8 g·L-1则起到了明显抑制作用；矿化度为2~4 g·L-1的咸水灌溉在保证番茄产量和灌溉水利用效率的同时可显著提高果实品质，其中可溶性固形物、硝酸盐和Vc含量较CK处理分别增加14.50%、119.38%和98.54%，6 g·L-1灌溉对果实品质无显著影响，但产量较CK处理减少51.61%，8 g·L-1灌溉导致番茄产量和品质均显著降低。综合考虑产量和品质等指标，在淡水资源紧缺且地下咸水资源丰富的南疆地区，推荐采用2~4 g·L-1矿化度的咸水对设施番茄进行灌溉。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of saline water irrigation on soil water and salt distribution and the growth, yield and quality of facility tomato plants, this experiment was conducted with facility tomatoes in the southern border area of Xinjiang. Four irrigation water mineralization levels were set, 2 g·L-1(T1), 4 g·L-1(T2), 6 g·L-1(T3) and 8 g·L-1(T4), and freshwater irrigation was used as the control group (CK) to study the appropriate irrigation water mineralization level of facility tomato under the same irrigation quota conditions. The results showed that the soil water content in different growth stages was basically higher in the 20~60 cm soil layer than the surface and deep soil water content. The soil water content gradually increased with the increase of irrigation salinity. The average soil water content of the soil layer from 0 cm to 80 cm gradually decreased during the growth period and with the depth of the soil decreased significantly. The soil salinity in the initial stage of the growth period mainly accumulated at 0~40 cm. As the growth period progressed, the soil salinity tended to accumulate and move toward the deep layer, mainly in the 0~60 cm soil layer at the end of the growth period. When the salinity was less than 4 g·L-1, the 0~20 cm soil layer was desalted. The average desalination rate of CK treatment was 27. 79%, and desalination rate of T1 treatment was 17. 07%. Irrigation salinity of 2~4 g·L-1 promoted the growth of plant height and stem diameter of tomato plants. Compared with CK, plant height and stem diameter increased by 5.32%~7.08% and 8.23%~9.25%, respectively. Irrigation water salinity of 6~8 g·L-1 played a significant inhibitory effect. A mineralization level of 2 g·L-1 to 4 g·L-1 saline irrigation significantly improved fruit quality while ensuring tomato yield, and the contents of soluble solids, nitrate and Vc increased by 14.50%, 119.38% and 98.54% respectively, compared with CK. No significant effect of 6 g·L-1 irrigation salinity was found on fruit quality, but the yield was 51.61% lower than CK. Yield and quality of tomato decreased significantly under 8 g·L-1 irrigation salinity. Considering the yield and quality indicators, it is recommended to use salt water with salinity of 2~4 g·L-1 to irrigate protected tomatoes in the southern Xinjiang where freshwater resources are scarce and underground saltwater resources are abundant. |
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