| 冯晓玲,王俊,高媛,温萌萌,豆莹,方震文.绿肥和施氮对旱作冬小麦农田土壤酶活性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(3):129~135 |
| 绿肥和施氮对旱作冬小麦农田土壤酶活性的影响 |
| Effects of green manure and nitrogen application on soil enzyme activities in a dryland winter wheat field |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.03.16 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤酶活性 绿肥 施氮水平 土壤总体酶活性 |
| 英文关键词:soil enzyme activity green manure nitrogen level total enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41570440）；陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目（NYKJ-2021-XA-005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 基于田间定位试验研究了种植绿肥和施氮对旱作冬小麦农田土壤酶活性的影响。试验采用绿肥和氮肥双因素完全设计方案，其中绿肥作物在夏季休闲期种植，包括长武怀豆、苏丹草、怀豆+苏丹草混播和裸地休闲（对照）4种处理；氮肥于冬小麦播前施入，包括0、60、120 kg·hm-2共3个水平；观测指标包括土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维二糖水解酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性。结果表明，与对照相比，休闲期种植怀豆、苏丹草、怀豆+苏丹草混播均显著提高了以上4种土壤总体酶活性，0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层增幅分别达12.9%~59.3%和6.19%~48.8%。土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维二糖水解酶活性在不同绿肥处理间无显著差异，而种植怀豆较种植苏丹草和混播显著提高了乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶和亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性。施氮肥对土壤酶活性具有显著促进作用，且4种土壤酶活性均随着施氮水平提高而增加。氮肥与绿肥对纤维素二糖水解酶活性具有交互影响。黄土高原旱作种植系统休闲期间可以考虑通过种植绿肥作物尤其是豆科绿肥来提高肥力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Based on a winter wheat-green manure rotation field experiment, the responses of soil enzyme activities to green manure and nitrogen application were studied. Four green manures as Changwu soyean, Sudan grass, Changwu soyean+ Sudan grass mixed and fallow control were adopted during summer fallow period, and nitrogen was applied to winter wheat at rates of 0, 60， 120 kg·hm-2. The activities of β-1,4-glucosidase,cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and leucine aminopeptidase were measured. Compared with the control, planting Changwu soyean, Sudan grass, and mixture of Changwu soyean+Sudan grass during the fallow period significantly increased soil enzymes activities by 12.9%~59.2%, enzyme activity increased by 12.9%~59.3% and 6.19%~48.8% at 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm. No significant differences between green manure treatments were found for soil β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities. Planting Changwu soyean significantly increased acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase activities by 9.9%~26.2% compared with planting Sudan grass and mixture of Changwu soyean and Sudan grass. The activities of four soil enzymes all increased with the increases of nitrogen application rates. Nitrogen fertilizer and green manure had an interactive effect on cellobiohydrolase activity. In the dry farming system of the Loess Plateau, green manure should be included during summer fallow period to stimulate soil enzyme activities and enhance soil fertilities. |
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