| 王成宝,温美娟,杨思存,霍琳,姜万礼.耕作方式对灌耕灰钙土耕层物理性质和玉米产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(3):170~177 |
| 耕作方式对灌耕灰钙土耕层物理性质和玉米产量的影响 |
| Effects of different tillage practices on physical characteristics of irrigated sierozem soil and maize yield |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.03.21 |
| 中文关键词: 耕作措施 土壤物理性状 玉米产量 经济效益 灌耕灰钙土 |
| 英文关键词:tillage practices soil physical characteristics maize yield economic benefits irrigated limestone soil |
| 基金项目:甘肃省农业科学院重点研发计划（2020GAAS19）；甘肃省科技计划青年基金（21JR7RA724）；农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503117） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探讨不同耕作措施对甘肃引黄灌区灰钙土土壤物理性状和玉米产量的影响，于2014—2017年在连续翻耕8 a的玉米田设置翻耕（CT）、旋耕（RT）、深松（ST）、免耕（NT）等4个单一耕作处理和翻耕-免耕（CT-NT）、深松-免耕（ST-NT）等2个轮耕处理。结果表明：RT处理0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层容重4个年度均是最低，与CT处理相比，第4年（2017）显著降低了8.70%和5.56%（P<0.05）；ST、NT、CT-NT、ST-NT处理20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层土壤容重随年份呈降低趋势，与CT处理相比，第4年（2017）显著下降了4.38%、3.16%、9.25%、7.54%和11.11%、5.56%、6.00%、11.11%；CT和RT处理显著降低了0~20 cm土层孔隙度，与CT相比，ST、CT-NT、ST-NT处理20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层土壤孔隙度在第4年（2017）显著增加了4.42%、9.60%、7.78%和14.18%、7.51%、14.18%；不同耕作处理均可降低0~45 cm土层土壤紧实度，与试验前（2014）相比，ST和ST-NT最大降低幅度分别为36.88%和20.97%，CT、RT、NT可降低0~25 cm土层紧实度，ST、ST-NT可降低25~45 cm土层紧实度；ST较RT、CT、NT、CT-NT能显著增加土壤入渗率，分别增加65.87%、81.21%、44.80%、 31.72%；ST-NT处理4 a平均玉米产量最高为15 517.7 kg·hm-2，经济效益最好为27 799元·hm-2。综合分析认为，在4 a的耕作体系中，ST-NT耕作方式下土壤物理性状最佳，生产性能最优，是比较理想的耕作模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of different tillage measures on the soil physical properties of sierozem soil and corn yield in the Yellow River irrigation area of Gansu, four single tillage practices and two rotational tillage treatments including conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT), subsoiling tillage (ST) and no tillage (NT) treatment as well as conventional tillage-no tillage (CT-NT), subsoiling-no tillage (ST-NT) were set up in Gansu Yellow River irrigation district on continuous 8-year-tillage cornfields from 2014 to 2017 in the corn fields. Compared with CT, RT significantly reduced the soil bulk density in 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm depth, which decreased by 8.70% and 5.56% (P<0.05) respectively in the fourth year (2017). Compared with CT, the soil bulk density of ST, NT, CT-NT, ST-NT treatments in 20~30 cm and 30~40 cm soil depth had a decreasing trend during the four years and significantly decreased by 4.38%,3.16%,9.25%,7.54% and 11.11%,5.56%,6.00%,11.11% in the fourth year. The CT and RT treatments reduced the porosity in 0~20 cm soil depth significantly, when compared with CT, the porosity of ST, CT-NT, ST-NT in 20~30 cm and 30~40 cm soil depth increased significantly by 4.42%, 9.60%, 7.78% and 14.18%, 7.51%, 14.18% in the fourth year (2017). Different tillage treatments reduced the soil compactness of 0~45 cm soil layer, compared with the pre-test (2014), and it was reduced 36.88% and 20.97% in the ST and ST-NT treatments in 2017. CT and RT treatments reduced the compactness in 0~20 cm soil depth significantly, while ST, ST-NT reduced the compactness in 25~45 cm soil depth. Compared with RT, CT, NT and CT-NT, the soil infiltration rate of ST increased significantly by 65.87%, 81.21%, 44.80%, and 31.72% respectively. Furthermore, ST-NT increased the corn annual average yield and economic benefit. The annual average yield was 15 517.7 kg·hm-2, and the best economic benefit was 27 799 Yuan·hm-2. Comprehensive analysis showed that the ST-NT treatment was the best farming mode to promote the soil physical properties and production performance in the four-year farming system. |
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