张乃文,韩晓增,朴勇杰,蒋锐,严君,陈旭,陆欣春,邹文秀,闫雷.深翻和秸秆还田对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(3):178~185
深翻和秸秆还田对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响
Effects of deep tillage and straw returning on microbial community functional diversity in soil
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.03.22
中文关键词:  深翻  秸秆还田  微生物群落  功能多样性
英文关键词:deep tillage  straw returning  microbial community  functional diversity
基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）（XDA28070100）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-04）；国家自然科学基金（41771327,41807085）
作者单位
张乃文 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081；东北农业大学资源与环境学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030 
韩晓增 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081 
朴勇杰 北大荒集团八五二分公司农业技术推广中心，黑龙江 双鸭山 155100 
蒋锐 北大荒集团八五二分公司农业技术推广中心，黑龙江 双鸭山 155100 
严君 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081 
陈旭 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081 
陆欣春 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081 
邹文秀 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150081 
闫雷 东北农业大学资源与环境学院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150030 
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中文摘要:
      为探究深翻及秸秆还田对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响，本研究主要采用Biolog-Eco微平板法，分析了常规耕作（CT）、秸秆浅混（SCT，耕作深度15 cm）、深翻（ST，耕作深度35 cm）、秸秆深混（SST，耕作深度35 cm）4个处理0~15 cm和15~35 cm土层的土壤微生物群落功能多样性变化。结果表明：在0~15 cm和15~35 cm 土层，与CT 相比，SCT 和SST 处理可以显著提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用，不同处理下微生物对碳源利用程度随时间的延长而增加，并且糖类、氨基酸类、多聚物类和羧酸类碳源依次为微生物代谢最主要的碳源。不同处理对Shannon指数与Simpson指数没有显著影响，但与CT 相比，ST显著增加了0~15 cm的Mclntosh指数。主成分分析表明，各处理的微生物群落代谢功能在有秸秆还田和无秸秆还田之间存在差异。与CT相比，15~35 cm土层DOC、MBC和MBN含量在SST处理下分别显著增加了17.25%、50.00%和168.10%。另外SEM模型显示，深翻处理可以通过土壤DOC含量的变化影响土壤Mclntosh指数。
英文摘要:
      To explore the effects of deep tillage and straw returning on soil microbial community functional diversity in soil, we examined changes in functional diversity of soil microbial communities using Biolog-Eco microplate method at 0~15 cm and 15~35 cm soil layers. Four treatments including conventional tillage (CT), straw incorporation with conventional tillage (SCT), subsoil tillage (ST) and straw incorporation with subsoil tillage (SST) were set up. The results showed that the utilization of carbon sources by soil microorganisms more significantly improved in the SCT and SST treatments than the CT treatment in both 0~15 cm and 15~35 cm soil layers, and the utilization degree of carbon sources increased with the extension of time under different treatments. Carbohydrates, amino acids, polymers, carboxylic were the most important carbon sources for microbial metabolism. Shannon index and Simpson index were not significantly affected by different treatments, but Mclntosh index was significantly increased in ST than CT in 0~15 cm soil layer. Principal component analysis showed that the metabolic function of microbial community was different between straw returning and no straw returning. Compared with CT, DOC, MBC and MBN contents under SST treatment in 15~35 cm soil layer were significantly increased by 17.25%, 50.00% and 168.10%, respectively. In addition, SEM model showed that deep tillage treatment affected soil Mclntosh index possibly through the change of soil DOC content. Principal component analysis showed that the metabolic function of microbial community was different between straw returning and no straw returning.
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