| 胡化涛,费丽彬,邓明江,王忆,许雪峰,韩振海.陇东地区苹果园应用生物活性素的效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(4):88~98 |
| 陇东地区苹果园应用生物活性素的效应 |
| Effects of bioactive agents on apple orchard in Eastern Gansu Area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.04.10 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果 化肥减施 生物活性素 土壤养分 树体生长 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:apple fertilizer reduction bioactive agents soil nutrients tree growth yield quality |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0201127）;国家苹果产业技术体系（CARS-27） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 连续2 a在甘肃陇东地区苹果园进行化肥提质增效试验，研究施用生物活性素提高肥料利用效率的可行性，并探讨减施化肥对果园土壤肥力、树体生长发育和苹果产量及品质的影响。2018年在G1、G2两个试验果园设置常规施肥（CK）、常规施肥配施生物活性素（B）两个处理，并在2019年增设G3、G4试验果园，每个果园设置常规施肥（CK）、常规施肥配施生物活性素（B）、减施化肥30%配施生物活性素（RB）和减施化肥30%（R）4个处理。结果表明：2018年施用生物活性素（B）后，G1、G2果园土壤全氮含量有所下降，而叶片含氮量分别提升了11.2%、4.9%，树体的花芽量较对照组分别提高了65%、45%，果实可滴定酸含量降低，果实香气提升；减施化肥30%处理（R），降低了土壤的pH值，除G1果园外叶片氮素含量均有所上升，其中G2、G3分别提高6.9%、12.9%；在成龄树果园中可提高产量，G1、G3两果园分别提高了35.8%、40.6%，但对施肥量较少的幼龄果园会产生一定的影响；减施化肥30%配施生物活性素（RB）技术应用后，土壤全氮含量和有效磷含量除G4外均略有下降，叶片氮素含量除G2果园外分别提高了15.0%、6.4%、3.0%，且其余树体指标的表现基本优于减施化肥30%处理（R）。在陇东地区果园施用生物活性素可显著促进幼树成花成果，并提高果实香气，减施化肥后总体未对成龄树果实品质产生影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effects of applying bioactive agents on fertilizer use efficiency, an experiment on improving the quality and efficiency of chemical fertilizer were carried out in apple orchards in eastern Gansu area for 2 years. The effects of reduced application of chemical fertilizer on orchard soil fertility, tree growth and development, apple yield and quality were studied. Two treatments of conventional fertilization (CK) and conventional fertilization combined with bioactive agents (B) were set up in G1 and G2 orchards in 2018., and G3 and G4 orchards were added in 2019. Treatments were as follows: conventional fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization combined with bioactive agents (B), 30% reduced application of chemical fertilizer combined with bioactive agents (RB), and reduced application of chemical fertilizer 30% (R). The results showed that after the application of bioactive agents (B) in 2018, the contents of soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus in G1 and G2 orchards decreased, while the nitrogen content in leaves increased by 11.2% and 4.9%. Compared with the control group, the flower bud quantity of the tree increased by 65% and 45% respectively, the titratable acid content of the fruit decreased, and the fruit aroma increased. After reducing the application of chemical fertilizer by 30% (R), the pH value of the soil was reduced, and the nitrogen content of leaves increased except G1 orchard, in which G2 and G3 increased by 6.9% and 12.9%, respectively. The yield of G1 and G3 orchards increased by 35.8% and 40.6%, respectively, but it had a different effect on the young orchards with less fertilizer application. The results of 30% reduced application of chemical fertilizer combined with bioactive fertilizer showed that the content of soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus decreased slightly except G4, and the leaf nitrogen content increased by 15.0%, 6.4% and 3.0% respectively except G2 orchard, and the performance of other trees was better than that of 30% reduced chemical fertilizer treatment (R). In summary, the application of bioactive agents in orchards in Longdong area significantly promoted the flowering of young trees and improve the fruit aroma. Overall, the reduced application of chemical fertilizer had no effect on the fruit quality of mature trees. Therefore, this management technology should be selectively used in this area to achieve the purpose of reducing the application of chemical fertilizer and increasing fertilizer utilization efficiency. |
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