| 梁超,张恒嘉,肖让,邓浩亮,王泽义,李珍,陈涛,周三利.河西绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对制种玉米籽粒发育及幼苗生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(4):151~160 |
| 河西绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对制种玉米籽粒发育及幼苗生长的影响 |
| Effects of drip irrigation under mulch on seed development and seedling growth of maize in Hexi oasis |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.04.17 |
| 中文关键词: 水分调亏 制种玉米 籽粒发育 产量 幼苗生长 水分利用效率 抗氧化酶活性 |
| 英文关键词:water deficit regulation seeds\|production maize seed development production seedling growth water use efficiency antioxidant enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:甘肃省重点研发计划项目（18YFINA073）；河西学院横向科研项目（H2018005，H2019009，H2019033，H2020024) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究河西绿洲灌区膜下滴灌调亏对制种玉米籽粒发育及幼苗生长的影响，以充分灌溉（CK）为对照，设置不同生育时期与调亏梯度双因素随机组合的8种水分调亏处理，共计9个处理，测算了各处理产量、水分利用效率及其籽粒萌发生长、生理活性和营养物质。结果表明：与CK相比，除T1与T3外，不同生育期调亏灌溉均降低了制种玉米籽粒产量，降幅3.07%~26.84%；调亏处理中，T1处理水分利用效率最高（1.61 kg·m-3），T3次之（1.59 kg·m-3），分别较CK提高6.62%和1.32%； T8处理籽粒的发芽指数和活力指数较CK分别降低30.39%、30.07%，其余中度亏水玉米籽粒的活力指数均较CK无显著差异；丙二醛含量除T1和CK处于较低水平且无显著性差异外，其余处理均提高了MDA含量，较CK增幅13.04%~134.78%；T3（40.64 mg·g-1）和T5（40.35 mg·g-1）处理可溶性蛋白含量较CK无显著差异，其余亏水处理均显著下降，降幅6.90%~16.60%； T1处理的抗氧化酶活性和营养物质含量相对最高，SOD、CAT、可溶性糖、维生素C、根系活力较CK分别提高3.77%、0.10%和19.67%、3.89%、8.56%。运用主成分分析及隶属函数进行灌溉制度评价，结果表明制种玉米最佳水分调亏处理为苗期轻度水分调亏，即苗期相对土壤含水率保持在70%~75%、其余生育期保持在85%~90%可作为河西绿洲灌区制种玉米最佳灌溉模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effect of drip irrigation under mulch on the growth of seedling maize grains and seedling growth in Hexi Oasis Irrigation District, we set up 9 treatments including 8 water regulated deficit irrigation treatments based on two\|factor random combination of different growth periods and water regulated deficit gradients and a full irrigation treatment (CK) as a control. The yield, water use efficiency, seed germination, physiological activity and nutrients of each treatment were measured. The results showed that: compared with CK, except for T1 and T3, the regulated deficit irrigation at different growth periods reduced the yield of seed\|producing maize by 3.07%~26.84%. Among the regulated deficit treatments, T1 treatment had the highest water use efficiency (1.61 kg·m-3), followed by T3 (1.59 kg·m-3), which were increased respectively by 6.62% and 1.32% compared with CK. The germination index and vigor index of grains of T8 treatment were decreased by 30.39%, 30.07% compared with CK, and the vigor index of the other moderately water\|deficient maize grains was not significantly different from that of CK. The content of malondialdehyde was not significantly different except T1 and CK, which were at a lower level. For other treatments, the content of MDA all increased, which was 13.04%~134.78% higher than that of CK. The soluble protein content of T3 (40.64 mg·g-1) and T5 (40.35 mg·g-1) treatments was not significantly different than that of CK, and the remaining water deficit treatments were significantly reduced, with a decrease of 6.90%~16.60%. The antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient content of T1 treatment were relatively optimal, and SOD, CAT, soluble sugar, vitamin C, and root vitality increased individually by 3.77%, 0.10% and 19.67%, 3.89%, 8.56% compared with CK. The results of irrigation system evaluation using principal component analysis and membership function demonstrated that the optimal water deficit adjustment treatment for seed production was mild. Keeping the relative soil moisture content at 70%~75% in the seedling stage and 85%~90% in the rest of the growth period is recommended as the best irrigation mode for seed production in the Hexi Oasis Irrigation District. |
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