| 谢奎,张腾,李卓远,密菲瑶,李源,张帆,王秀康.榆林沙土区马铃薯根层土壤因子、微生物数量及酶活性特征[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(4):192~205 |
| 榆林沙土区马铃薯根层土壤因子、微生物数量及酶活性特征 |
| Characteristics of soil factors, microbial quantity and enzyme activity in potato root layer in Yulin sandy soil area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.04.22 |
| 中文关键词: 马铃薯 沙土区 土壤因子 酶活性 微生物数量 |
| 英文关键词:potato sandy soil area soil factors enzyme activity microbial quantity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51669034，51809224），延安大学研究生教育创新计划项目（YCX2021076） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 选取16个当地种植的马铃薯品种进行试验，采取单因素分析法和冗余分析法对榆林沙土区马铃薯田的土壤含水量、pH值、电导率、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质含量和过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性，以及土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量进行研究，分析其特征。结果表明：在0~60 cm土层中，榆林沙土区马铃薯根层土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性随着土壤深度的增加均呈现降低的趋势，土壤蔗糖酶活性随土壤深度的增加呈现先增大后降低的趋势， 0~20 cm土层过氧化氢酶活性比20~40、40~60 cm土层分别高0.03％、28.74％，0~20 cm土层脲酶活性比20~40、40~60 cm土层分别高14.10％、169.70％，20~40 cm土层蔗糖酶活性比0~20、40~60 cm土层分别高21.74％、59.53％；在0~40 cm土层中，随土壤深度的增加土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均呈现降低的趋势，细菌数量在3类微生物中占有绝对优势，占微生物总数的83.11％~97.28％，其次是放线菌，占微生物总数的2.49％~16.49％，真菌的数量最少，占微生物总数的0.13％~0.44％；不同品种马铃薯根层（0~60 cm）土壤含水量、pH值、电导率分别为2.94%~8.00％、8.30~8.79、101.92~210.87 μS·cm-1，碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有机质的含量为16.47~30.14 mg·kg-1、15.37~25.49 mg·kg-1、95.83~163.60 mg·kg-1、2.85~5.43 g·kg-1。相关性分析表明，马铃薯根层土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均与土壤碱解氮、有机质含量呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)；土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌均与土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01)；马铃薯块茎产量与土壤细菌呈极显著正相关(P＜0.01),块茎可溶性总糖与土壤放线菌呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)。冗余分析表明，碱解氮和有机质是土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性变化的主要驱动因子，有机质和有效磷是土壤细菌数量变化的主要驱动因子，速效钾是土壤真菌、放线菌数量变化的主要驱动因子。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| 16 local potato varieties were selected for the experiment. Single factor analysis and redundancy analysis were used to analyze the soil water content, pH, electrical conductivity, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter content, catalase, urease and sucrase activities as well as the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in Yulin sandy soil area. The results showed that in 0~60 cm soil layer, the activities of catalase and urease in potato root layer in Yulin sandy soil area decreased with the increase of soil depth. The activity of soil sucrase increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth. The activity of peroxidase in 0~20 cm soil layer was 0.03% and 28.74% higher than that in 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers, respectively. The urease activity in 0~20 cm soil layer was 14.10% and 169.70% higher than that in 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers respectively. The sucrase activity in 20~40 cm soil layer was 21.74% and 59.53% higher than that in 0~20 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers respectively. In the 0~40 cm soil layer, the number of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes decreased with the increase of soil depth. The number of bacteria was dominant among the three types of microorganisms, accounting for 83.11%~97.28% of the total number of microorganisms followed by actinomycetes, accounting for 2.49%~16.49% of the total number of microorganisms. The number of fungi was the least, accounting for 0.13%~0.44% of the total number of microorganisms. The soil moisture content, pH and conductivity of the root layer (0~60 cm) of different potato cultivars were in the range of 2.94%~8.00%, 8.30~8.79 μS·cm-1 and 101.92~210.87 μS·cm-1, respectively. The contents of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter were in the range of 16.47~30.14 mg·kg-1, 15.37~25.49 mg·kg-1, 95.83~163.60 mg·kg-1 and 2.85~5.43 g·kg-1, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that the activities of catalase, urease and sucrase in potato root layer were significantly positively correlated with the contents of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter (P<0.01), and the activities of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were significantly positively correlated with soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium (P<0.01). Potato tuber yield was significantly positively correlated with soil bacteria (P<0.01), and tuber soluble total sugar was significantly positively correlated with soil actinomycetes (P<0.05). Redundancy analysis showed that alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and organic matter were the main driving factors for the change of soil catalase and urease activities. Organic matter and available phosphorus were the main driving factors for the change of soil bacteria. Available potassium was the main driving factor for the change of soil fungi and actinomycetes. |
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