李其勇,朱从桦,李星月,易军,武丙琳,符慧娟,张鸿.水稻川香29B近等基因导入系苗期根系形态、叶片生理生化特性与抗旱性的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(4):238~248
水稻川香29B近等基因导入系苗期根系形态、叶片生理生化特性与抗旱性的关系
Relationship between root morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaves and drought resistance of Chuanxiang 29B near\|isogenic introgression lines at seedling stage
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.04.27
中文关键词:  水稻  近等基因导入系  抗旱性  苗期  根系形态  生理生化特性
英文关键词:rice  near\|isogenic introgression lines  drought resistance  seedling stage  root morphology  physiological and biochemical characteristics
基金项目:四川省现代农业学科建设推进工程（2021XKJS085）
作者单位
李其勇 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川 成都 610066 
朱从桦 四川省农业科学院作物研究所,四川 成都 610066 
李星月 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川 成都 610066 
易军 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川 成都 610066 
武丙琳 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川 成都 610066 
符慧娟 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川 成都 610066 
张鸿 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川 成都 610066 
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中文摘要:
      为减少材料遗传背景差异，快速鉴定水稻抗旱性和筛选鉴定指标，以籼稻川香29B近等基因系及其轮回亲本川香29B为研究对象，在温室内于苗期采用反复干旱法进行干旱胁迫，测定苗期物质变化、形态指标、根系和叶片生理生化指标，分析各指标与抗旱性的关系，并通过相关分析和回归分析筛选抗旱鉴定指标。结果表明：苗期反复干旱胁迫导致6份供试材料根系干物质积累量和根冠比分别增加25.59%、45.60%（P＜0.05），叶片中类胡萝卜素、丙二醛、脱落酸和乙烯含量的平均值分别提高29.17%、6.03%、25.25%、40.74%（P＜0.05），可溶性蛋白质含量平均值提高9.77%，叶片中过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、吡咯碄-5-羧酸合成酶、鸟氨酸转氨酶和脯氨酸脱氢酶活性的平均值分别增加11.81%、37.43%、25.91%、32.65%、31.46%、29.07%（P＜0.05），地上部干物质积累量、叶片SPAD值、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶片生长素、细胞分裂素、赤霉素的平均值分别下降14.22%、9.00%、18.79%、55.32%、31.04%、19.29%、34.79%（P＜0.05）；川香29B/ASOMINORI//川香29B///川香29B（C1）的第1次干旱存活率、第2次干旱存活率和反复干旱存活率分别为90.86%、82.86%、86.86%，均为最高，川香29B/ASOMINORI//川香29B///川香29B（C3）和川香29B/ASOMINORI//川香29B///川香29B////川香29B（C4）的反复干旱存活率分别为71.51%、72.72%，均显著低于其他4份材料。相关分析和逐步回归表明，根表面积、总根长及叶片还原性谷胱甘肽含量、过氧化物酶活的相对值可作为水稻苗期抗旱性鉴定指标。苗期反复干旱存活率可直接鉴定水稻苗期抗旱性。基于反复干旱存活率，川香29B/ASOMINORI//川香29B///川香29B（C1）苗期抗旱性最强。
英文摘要:
      To reduce the genetic background difference of materials, rapidly identify rice drought resistance and screen identification indicators, the seedlings of Chuanxiang 29B near\|isogenic introgression lines and its recurrent parent Chuanxiang 29B were treated with the repeated drought stress in the greenhouse. The change of seedling matter, morphological indicators, root indicators and physiological biochemical indicators of leaves were measured to analyze the relations between each indicator and drought resistance and screen the identification indicators of drought resistance through correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results showed that root dry matter accumulation and root\|shoot ratio were significantly increased by 25.59% and 45.60% （P＜0.05） under the repeated drought stress at seedling stage. Average contents of carotenoid, malondialdehyde, abscisic acid and ethylene in leaves were significantly increased by 29.17%, 6.03%, 25.25%, 40.74% （P＜0.05）, respectively. The average content of soluble protein was increased by 9.77%. The enzymatic activity mean values of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), ornithine δ-aminotransferase (δ-OAT) and proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) in leaf were increased by 11.81%, 37.43%, 25.91%, 32.65%, 31.46%, 29.07%（P＜0.05）, respectively. On the contrary, the mean values of aboveground dry matter accumulation, leaf SPAD value, chlorophyll a content (Chl-a), chlorophyll b content (Chl-b), leaf auxin, leaf cytokinin, leaf gibberellin were decreased by 14.22%, 9.00%, 18.79%, 55.32%, 31.04%, 19.29%, 34.79%（P＜0.05）, respectively. The first drought survival rate, the second drought survival rate and the repeated drought survival rate of Chuanxiang 29B/ASOMINORI//29B///29B (C1) were 90.86%, 82.86% and 86.86%, respectively, all of which were the highest. The repeated drought survival rates of Chuanxiang 29B/ASOMINORI//29B///29B(C3) and Chuanxiang 29B/ASOMINORI//29B///29B////29B(C4) were 71.51% and 72.72%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the other four materials. The correlation analysis and stepwise regression showed that the relative value of root surface area, total root length, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and peroxidase activity in leaves could be used as identification indicators of drought resistance at rice seedling stage. The repeated drought survival rate at seedling stage could be directly used to identify drought resistance of rice. Based on the repeated drought survival rate, Chuanxiang 29B/ASOMINORI//29B///29B (C1) had the strongest drought resistance in tested materials at seedling stage.
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