林明,鲁伟丹,陈友强,刘华君,潘竟海,阿不都卡地尔·库尔班,周远航,王志敏.覆膜方式与灌水量对滴灌甜菜叶丛生长及光合特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(5):182~189
覆膜方式与灌水量对滴灌甜菜叶丛生长及光合特性的影响
Effects of film mulching method and drip irrigation amount on foliage growth and photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet leaves
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.05.20
中文关键词:  甜菜  覆膜方式  灌水量  滴灌  光合特性  叶丛生长期
英文关键词:sugar beet  mulching method  irrigation amount  drip irrigation  photosynthetic characteristics  growth period of foliage
基金项目:新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化示范专项（2020B007）；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目（CARS-170724）
作者单位
林明 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China； Institute of Industrial Crops，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091，China 
鲁伟丹 Institute of Industrial Crops，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091，China 
陈友强 Institute of Industrial Crops，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091，China 
刘华君 Institute of Industrial Crops，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091，China 
潘竟海 Institute of Industrial Crops，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091，China 
阿不都卡地尔·库尔班 Institute of Industrial Crops，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830091，China 
周远航 Manas Agricultural Experimental Station，Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang 832299，China 
王志敏 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology，China Agricultural University，Beijing 100193，China 
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中文摘要:
      为探究覆膜方式与灌水量对叶丛生长期甜菜生长发育的影响，在新疆农业科学院安宁渠试验基地，以甜菜品种‘Beta379’为试验材料，采取裂区设计，主区为3种覆膜方式，分别为不覆膜（N）、覆单膜（T）、覆双膜（D）；副区为3种不同灌水量，分别为5 700 m3·hm-2（W1）、4 200 m3·hm-2（W2）、2 700 m3·hm-2（W3），测定叶丛期甜菜功能叶（倒四叶）叶面积、根围、丛高、叶片数等生长指标以及生物量积累与分配、光合特性。结果表明，不同覆膜方式以及不同灌水量均显著影响甜菜生长发育、光合特性以及干物质积累，其中双膜覆盖下4 500 m3·hm-2处理与双膜5 700 m3·hm-2、单膜5 700 m3·hm-2均不存在显著差异，但较其他处理在叶面积、根围、丛高以及单根质量方面平均高出12.65%、12.96%、3.93%以及9.93%，同时提高甜菜光合作用从而显著增加了甜菜干物质积累量，其中茎叶干物质积累量平均增加15.84%、块根干物质积累量显著增加14.72%，为甜菜高产奠定了良好的基础。
英文摘要:
      The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plastic film mulching and drip irrigation amount on the growth and development of sugar beet during the growing period of leaf cluster. In the Anning Canal Experimental Base of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the beet variety ‘Beta379’was used as experimental material. In the split plot design, the main plot was divided into three types of film mulching, namely, no film mulching (N), single film mulching (T) and double film mulching (D), and the secondary plot was divided into three types of irrigation, which were 5 700 m3·hm-2(W1), 4 200 m3·hm-2(W2) and 2 700 m3·hm-2(W3), respectively. The growth index, including leaf area, root circumference, cluster height and leaf number, as well as biomass accumulation, distribution and photosynthetic characteristics of sugar beet functional leaves (fourth leaf from bottom) at the growth period of foliage were measured. The results showed that the growth and development, photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation of sugar beet were affected by different mulching methods and different irrigation amounts. There was no significant difference between 4 500 m3·hm-2 treatment with double mulching and 5 700 m3·hm-2 with double mulching and 5 700 m3·hm-2 with single mulching, but it was 12.65%, 12.96%, 3.93% and 9.93% higher on average in leaf area, root girth, cluster height and single root weight than other treatments. At the same time, the dry matter accumulation of sugar beet was significantly increased by improving the photosynthesis of sugar beet, and the dry matter mass of stem and leaf was increased by 15.84% on average, and the dry matter mass of root was significantly increased by 14.72%, which laid a good foundation for the high yield of beet.
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