不同残膜量对棉田土壤氮素、八大离子及微生物的影响

李玉环; 何新林; 杨丽莉; 王禹植; 徐阳

李玉环,何新林,杨丽莉,王禹植,徐阳.不同残膜量对棉田土壤氮素、八大离子及微生物的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(5):222~229

不同残膜量对棉田土壤氮素、八大离子及微生物的影响

Effects of different amounts of residual film on soil nitrogen, eight major ions content and microorganisms in cotton field

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.05.24

中文关键词: 残膜量棉田氮素微生物盐离子

英文关键词:residue amount film cotton field nitrogen microorganism salt ion

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(U1803244)；新疆生产建设兵团科技攻关计划项目（2018AB027）

作者	单位
李玉环	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water\\|Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
何新林	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water\\|Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
杨丽莉	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water\\|Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
王禹植	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water\\|Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
徐阳	College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China Key Laboratory of Modern Water\\|Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China

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中文摘要:

通过田间试验，设置150 kg·hm^-2（T1）、230 kg·hm^-2（T2）、465 kg·hm^-2（T3），857 kg·hm^-2（T4）、1 250 kg·hm^-2（T5）、1 640 kg·hm^-2（T6）以及原位土512 kg·hm^-2（CK1）和无残膜（CK2）等8个残膜梯度，测定不同残膜量下棉田土壤氮素养分、八大离子含量、微生物群落多样性等指标。结果表明：随着残膜量的增加, 土壤TN、NO^-₃-N含量逐渐降低，而NH⁺₄-N含量则呈现先升高后降低趋势；在残膜量大于512 kg·hm^-2时，土壤NO^-₃-N、NH⁺₄-N含量显著降低；在高残膜量1 640 kg·hm^-2（T6）时，土壤TN、NO^-₃-N、NH⁺₄-N含量较CK2分别降低38.77%、49.21%、34.38%；土壤Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、Cl^-、SO^2-1₄、HCO^-₃、CO^2-₃、K⁺含量随着残膜量的增多逐渐积聚在0~20 cm土层；当残膜量大于512 kg·hm^-2时,土壤微生物均匀度及多样性低于T1、T2、T3和CK2处理。可见残膜影响土壤微生物活性，导致盐分浅表积累，使土壤养分退化；因此，高强度残膜不利于农业的健康发展。

英文摘要:

Through field test, eight ions and microorganisms, eight residual film gradients of 150 kg·hm^-2（T1）,230 kg·hm^-2（T2）,465 kg·hm^-2（T3），857 kg·hm^-2（T4）,1 250 kg·hm^-2（T5）,1 640 kg·hm^-2（T6）, in situ soil 512 kg·hm^-2（CK1） and no plastic film residue were set up to determine soil nitrogen, eight major ions content, microbial community diversity and other indicators.The results showed that with the increase of residual film amount, soil TN and NO^-₃-N content decreased gradually, while NH⁺₄-N content increased first and then decreased. When the amount of residual film was more than 512 kg·hm^-2, the contents of NO^-₃-N and NH⁺₄-N content decreased significantly. Compared with CK2, the contents of TN, NO^-₃-N and NH⁺₄-N decreased by 38.77%, 49.21% and 34.38% respectively under the condition of high residual film amount of 1 640 kg·hm^-2 (T6). With the increase of residual film amount, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl^-, SO^2-1₄,HCO^-₃, CO^2-₃, K⁺ gradually accumulated in 0~20 cm soil layer. When the residual film amount was more than 512 kg·hm^-2, the soil microbial evenness and diversity were lower than those of treatment T1, T2, T3 and CK2. In conclusion, it is clear that the residual film affects the activity of soil microorganisms and led to the shallow accumulation of salt and the degradation of soil nutrients. Therefore, high\|strength residual film is not conducive to healthy development of agriculture.

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