林通,张涛,张莹,尹毅,邓兴旭,庞有伦,罗书强.小型玉米脱粒机机架模态分析与优化设计[J].干旱地区农业研究,2022,40(5):277~284
小型玉米脱粒机机架模态分析与优化设计
Modal analysis and structural optimization design of small corn thresher frame
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2022.05.30
中文关键词:  玉米  脱粒机  模态分析  灵敏度分析  多目标优化
英文关键词:corn  thresher  modal analysis  sensitivity analysis  multi\|objective optimization
基金项目:重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项（cstc2019jxj100002）
作者单位
林通 College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 
张涛 Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chongqing 401329，China 
张莹 Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chongqing 401329，China 
尹毅 Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chongqing 401329，China 
邓兴旭 College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 
庞有伦 Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chongqing 401329，China 
罗书强 College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China 
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中文摘要:
      为避免小型玉米脱粒机机架与外部激励频率发生共振，保证工作稳定性，对小型玉米脱粒机机架进行多目标优化设计。使用ANSYS Workbench软件构建机架有限元模型及模拟分析前6阶模态和振型，得出优化前机架前6阶固有频率为48.26~156.76 Hz，其中1阶固有频率接近电动机产生的激励频率。通过灵敏度分析法探索影响机架1阶固有频率和质量的因素及次序，确定优化设计因素，并建立因素与优化目标数学模型，采用中心复合设计（CCD）和最佳填充空间设计(OSF)试验方法进行仿真。仿真结果表明，影响频率的结构参数从大到小依次为挡料板厚度、方钢及侧板厚度、下料板厚度、导风板厚度、下料板与导风板夹角；两种试验法对质量的优化结果接近，但在提高1阶固有频率方面CCD要优于OSF，CCD优化方案对机架的1阶固有频率提高了16.8%，质量下降了17.1%；最后通过振动分析仪测定优化前后机架固有频率，测得改进后机架1阶固有频率实际值为57.48 Hz，达到了避免共振的目的，整机作业过程稳定、安全可靠，同时为相关机具的优化改进提供了理论参考。
英文摘要:
      To avoid the resonance of small corn thresher frame with external excitation frequency and ensure the stability of the work, the frame of the small corn thresher was redesigned with multi\|objective optimization. Using ANSYS Workbench software to build a finite element model of the frame and simulate and analyze the first 6-order modes and vibration modes, it was concluded that the first 6-order natural frequency of the optimized front frame was 48.26~156.76Hz, and the first\|order natural frequency was close to the excitation frequency generated by the motor. The sensitivity analysis method was used to explore the factors and sequence that affect the first\|order natural frequency and quality of the rack, determine the optimal design factors, and establish a mathematical model of the factors and optimization goals. The central composite design (CCD) and optimal filling space design (OSF) methods were adopted for simulation. The simulation results showed that the structural parameters that affect the frequency in descending order were the thickness of the baffle plate, the thickness of the square steel and the side plate, the thickness of the blanking plate, the thickness of the air deflector, and the angle between the blanking plate and the air deflector. The quality optimization results of the two test methods were close, but CCD was better than OSF in improving the first\|order natural frequency. The CCD optimization scheme increased the first\|order natural frequency of the rack by 16.8%, and the quality was reduced by 17.1%. Finally, the natural frequency of the frame before and after the optimization was measured by a vibration analyzer. The actual value of the first order natural frequency of the frame after the optimization effect was 57.48 Hz, achieving the purpose of avoiding resonance. The whole machine operation process was stabler, safer and more reliable. The redesign provides a theoretical reference for optimization and improvement of related machines.
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