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| 赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻光合酶活性及其产量形成的影响 |
| Effects of Combined Application of Gibberellin and Phosphorus Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Enzyme Activity and Grain Yield of Oilseed Flax |
| 投稿时间：2022-08-18 修订日期：2023-07-03 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 胡麻 磷肥 GA3 光合同化酶 产量 |
| 英文关键词:oilseed flax, phosphorus fertilizer, GA3, photocatalytic assimilation enzyme, grain yield |
| 基金项目:甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38)；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16)；国家自然科学基金项目(31660368)；甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05)；甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室主任基金课题(GSCS-2020-Z6) |
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| 摘要点击次数: 157 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究赤霉素和磷肥配合施用对胡麻叶片光合酶活性以及籽粒产量的影响，以‘轮选2号’为材料，采用田间二因素裂区试验设计，研究了不同磷肥用量水平（P2O5依次为：P0－0 kg·hm-2，P1－67.5 kg·hm-2，P2－135 kg·hm-2）和赤霉素（Gibberellin acid，GA3）喷施浓度（G0－0 mg L-1，G1－15 mg·L-1，G2－30 mg·L-1）对胡麻光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明：施磷和喷施赤霉素均显著提高了胡麻叶片RuBP（Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate）、PEP（Phosphoenolpyruvate）羧化酶活性，增加了胡麻全生育期干物质积累量和籽粒产量。P0和P1水平下，胡麻花后干物质积累量和产量均随GA3喷施浓度的增加而增加，其中，G2较G0分别提高8.08%~27.32%和7.64%~9.04%；P2水平下，胡麻全生育期干物质积累量、现蕾~盛花期喷后1 d和5 d叶片RuBP羧化酶活性均在G1浓度下最高；同一GA3喷施浓度下，施磷显著提高了胡麻叶片光合同化酶活性、干物质积累量及籽粒产量。与不施磷肥和赤霉素比较，施磷和喷施赤霉素显著增加了盛花期叶片PEP羧化酶活性，平均增幅达147.44%~265.87%，且P1G2和P2G1处理显著增加了现蕾期叶片RuBP羧化酶活性，增幅分别达9.77%~128.82%和7.14%~126.33%；2个生长季节内胡麻籽粒产量均以P1G2和P2G1处理较高，二者较P0G0处理分别显著提高15.88%和17.64%（P<0.05），较其他处理分别提高2.91%~13.81%和1.28%~12.94%。互作效应分析表明，磷肥与赤霉素互作对胡麻叶片RuBP、PEP羧化酶活性、全生育期植株干物质积累量和籽粒产量的影响均达显著水平。相关性分析表明，胡麻叶片RuBP、PEP羧化酶活性均与干物质积累和产量有显著的正相关关系。综上可知，施磷67.5 kg·hm-2配合喷施30 mg·L-1 GA3和施磷135 kg·hm-2配合喷施15 mg·L-1 GA3可显著提高胡麻现蕾期、盛花期叶片光合同化酶活性，促进胡麻群体干物质的积累，增产效果显著，可作为试区适宜的高产施肥管理模式。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the effect of combined application of gibberellin and phosphate fertilizer on the photosynthetic enzyme activity in leaves and grain yield of oilseed flax, we used ‘Lunxuan 2’ as the experiment material and designed a two-factor split field experiment to study the effects of different phosphorus levels (P2O5: P0-0 kg·ha-1, P1-67.5 kg·ha-1, and P2-135 kg·ha-1) and GA3(Gibberellin acid) spraying concentrations (G0-0 mg·L-1, G1-15 mg·L-1, and G2-30 mg·L-1) on photosynthetic assimilatory enzymes activity, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of oilseed flax. The results showed that phosphorus fertilizer application and GA3 spraying significantly improved the RuBP (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) carboxylase activity, PEP (Phosphoenolpyruvate) carboxylase activity of leaves, increased the plant dry matter accumulation of the whole growth period and grain yield of oilseed flax. The dry matter accumulation after anthesis and grain yield of oilseed flax at the P0 and P1 levels increased with the increase of GA3 spraying concentration, among which G2 was 8.08%~27.32% and 7.64%~9.04% higher than G0, respectively. The dry matter accumulation of the whole growth period and the RuBP carboxylase activity of leaves under the P2 level were the highest at 1 and 5 days after spraying G1 at budding and anthesis stage of oilseed flax. Under the same GA3 spraying concentrations, the P application treatments significantly increased the photosynthetic assimilatory enzymes activity in leaves, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of oilseed flax. Compared with no P fertilizer and gibberellin application, applying P and spraying gibberellin significantly increased PEP carboxylase activity in leaves at anthesis stage, with an average increase of 147.44%~265.87%. And P1G2 and P2G1 treatments significantly increased RuBP carboxylase activity in leaves at budding stage, with an increase of 9.77%~128.82% and 7.14%~126.33%, respectively. In the two growth seasons, the grain yield of oilseed flax was higher in P1G2 and P2G1 treatments, which were significantly higher than that of P0G0 treatment by 15.88% and 17.64%(P<0.05), and higher than other treatments by 2.91%~13.81% and 1.28%~12.94%, respectively. The analysis of interaction effect showed that the interaction effect of phosphorus and GA3 had significant effects on RuBP, PEP carboxylase activity in leaves, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of oilseed flax in the whole growth period. The correlation analysis showed that RuBP and PEP carboxylase activities in oilseed flax leaves were significantly and positively correlated with dry matter accumulation and grain yield. In general, applying 67.5 kg P2O5·ha-1 combined with spraying 30 mg·L-1 GA3 and applying 135 kg P2O5·ha-1 combined with spraying 15 mg·L-1 GA3 significantly improved the activity of photosynthetic assimilatory enzymes in leaves at budding and anthesis stages, promoted the dry matter accumulation of oilseed flax, and had a significant grain yield increase effect. So, both of them can be used as a suitable high-yield and fertilization management mode of oilseed flax in the test area. |
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