| 陈静航,叶蕊蕊,孙建喜,罗利华,李灿,吴勇,胡田田.滴灌施肥周期和毛管布设方式对苹果树细根直径时空分布的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(1):101~110 |
| 滴灌施肥周期和毛管布设方式对苹果树细根直径时空分布的影响 |
| Effects of drip irrigation and fertilization cycle and capillary layout on spatio\|temporal distribution of fine root diameters in apple trees |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.01.13 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果树 细根直径 滴灌施肥周期 毛管布设方式 |
| 英文关键词:apple trees fine root diameter drip irrigation fertilization cycle capillary layout |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0201508） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明不同滴灌施肥策略对苹果树细根直径的调控效应，于2019—2021年开展二因素二水平完全组合设计田间试验，毛管布设方式设置一行一管和一行两管，施肥周期设置15 d和30 d，采用微根管原位监测技术，分苹果树正南、正西及东北3个方位和0~19、19~38、38~57、57~76 cm不同深度土层，持续观测苹果树活跃生长期内细根直径的动态变化，分析了苹果树细根直径对毛管布设方式和施肥周期的响应。结果表明：细根直径主要集中在0.5~1.5 mm范围内，约占90%，0~0.5 mm和1.5~2.0 mm直径的细根占比很少。在夏季之前，直径≤1.0 mm的细根增多；夏季之后，细根直径加粗，直径>1.0 mm的细根迅速增加。相较于施肥周期15 d，施肥周期30 d在2020年6—11月和2021年4—7月均能增加细根直径；在大部分土层中，施肥周期30 d会增加细根直径，施肥周期15 d会减小细根直径；在2020年正南和东北方向上，施肥周期15 d会减小细根直径，施肥周期30 d会增加细根直径。一行一管较一行两管在2020年和2021年8月均能增加细根直径；在浅中层土壤（0~38 cm土层）中，一行两管趋向于增加细根直径，在中深层土壤（38~76 cm土层）中，一行一管趋向于增加细根直径；在2021年正南和东北方向上，一行一管会增加细根直径，一行两管会减少细根直径。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the regulatory effect of different drip irrigation and fertilization strategies on the fine root diameter of apple trees, a field experiment was conducted during 2019-2021 for a two\|factor two\|level complete combination design.The capillary laying method was set up with one row and one tube and one row and two tubes.The fertilization cycle was set for 15 days and 30 days.The micro root tube in situ monitoring technology was used, which was divided into three directions of the apple tree due south, west and northeast and 0~19 cm, 19~38 cm, 38~57 cm, 57~76 cm soil layers at different depths.The dynamic change of fine root diameter during the active growth period of apple trees was continuously observed, and the response of fine root diameter to capillary arrangement and fertilization cycle of apple trees was analyzed.The results showed that the diameter of fine roots was mainly concentrated in the range of 0.5~1.5 mm, accounting for about 90%, and the diameter of fine roots of 0~0.5 mm and 1.5~2.0 mm was very small.Before July 2020 and June 2021, there was an increase in the number of fine roots with a diameter of ≤1.0 mm. After July and June, the diameter of the fine roots was thickened, and the number of fine roots with a diameter of > 1.0 mm increased rapidly.Compared with the fertilization cycle of 15 days, the fertilization cycle of 30 days increased the fine root diameter in June\|November 2020 and April\|July 2021. In most soil layers, the fertilization cycle of 30 days increased the fine root diameter, and the fertilization cycle of 15 days reduced the fine root diameter.In the south and northeast directions of 2020, the fertilization cycle of 15 days reduced the fine root diameter, and the fertilization cycle increased the fine root diameter for 30 days.One row and one tube increased the fine root diameter in 2020 and August 2021 compared with one row and two tubes.In shallow middle soils (0~38 cm soil layer), one row and two tubes tended to increase the diameter of fine roots.In medium and deep soils (38~76 cm soil layer), one row and one tube tended to increase the diameter of fine roots.In the south and northeast directions of 2021, one row and one tube increased the diameter of fine roots, and one row and two tubes reduced the diameter of fine roots. |
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