| 张泽宇,曹红霞,何子建,裴书瑶,李曼宁.基于AHP-EWM-TOPSIS的温室辣椒最佳调亏灌溉方案优化研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(1):111~120 |
| 基于AHP-EWM-TOPSIS的温室辣椒最佳调亏灌溉方案优化研究 |
| Study on greenhouse pepper optimal regulated deficit irrigation scheme based on AHP\|EWM\|TOPSIS |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.01.14 |
| 中文关键词: 调亏灌溉 辣椒 干旱 生长指标 品质 |
| 英文关键词:regulated deficit irrigation pepper drought growth index quality |
| 基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0400204）；陕西省水利厅科技计划项目（2020slkj-08） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 辣椒对土壤水分非常敏感，传统的灌溉方式以单一追求高产为目的，对农作物进行大量灌溉，辣椒产量的提高往往伴随品质的下降。为选出能平衡产量和品质的最优调亏灌溉方案，本试验以辣椒为研究对象，以全生育期充分供水（75%~85%θf，θf为田间持水量）作为对照（CK），在3个调亏时期（苗期M、花期H和果期G）分别设置2种调亏程度（轻度水分调亏LS：65%~75%θf，重度水分调亏SS：55%~65%θf）和2种调亏历时（短期调亏：连续亏水4 d，长期调亏：连续亏水8 d），研究不同调亏处理对辣椒生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明，在各生育期进行调亏灌溉均会减小辣椒株高、茎粗、叶面积及营养器官干物质。与花期和果期相比，苗期水分调亏对辣椒生长指标及营养器官干物质的抑制程度最大，尤其在苗期长期重度水分调亏（MSS-8）下，营养器官干物质最少，较CK下降27.85%。另外，苗期和花期适度的水分调亏有利于提高辣椒生殖器官干物质和产量，其中，苗期短期轻度（MLS-4）、苗期长期轻度（MLS-8）及花期短期轻度（HLS-4）水分调亏处理使辣椒生殖器官干物质和产量有不同程度的提高。在MLS-8处理下，生殖器官干物质和产量最大，分别较CK增加17.60% 和17.01%。但果期不同强度的水分调亏均导致生殖器官干物质和产量显著降低，其中，在果期长期重度水分调亏（GSS-8）下，生殖器官干物质和产量最小，分别较CK下降43.88%和41.56%。此外，苗期亏水会显著降低果实品质，而花期和果期水分调亏对辣椒品质有促进作用。其中，GSS-8处理下VC含量、果色指数及辣椒红素增加的最多，分别较CK增加7.50%、5.71%和10.30%。为综合反映决策者偏好和客观试验结果，以更加科学、全面的方法选出最优调亏灌溉方案，应用AHP-EWM-TOPSIS多目标综合分析方法对各调亏灌溉方案进行打分，发现花期短期水分轻度调亏方案（HLS-4）得分最高，对温室辣椒产量及品质的改善效果最佳。因此，HLS-4方案是本试验中的最佳调亏方案。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Peppers are very sensitive to soil moisture. Traditional irrigation methods only aim at high yield with a large amount of irrigation water on the crop which resulting in high yield and low quality in peppers. To select the optimal regulated deficit irrigation scheme balancing between yield and quality, this study took pepper as the research object, with adequate water supply (75%~85%θf, θf is filed capacity) for the whole growth period as control (CK). Two kinds of deficit degree (mild RDI: 65%~75%θf and severe RDI: 55%~65%θf) and two kinds of deficit duration (short RDI: continuous deficit for four days and long RDI: continuous deficit for eight days) were set in three growth stages (seedling, flowering, and fruiting stage). The experimental results showed that, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter of vegetative organs of pepper were all reduced by regulated deficit irrigation at different growth stages. Compared with flowering and fruiting stage, water deficit at seedling stage inhibited growth indexes and dry matter of vegetative organs the most. Especially under the long\|term severe water deficit at seedling stage (MSS-8), the dry matter of vegetative organs was the least, which decreased by 27.85% compared with CK. In addition, moderate water deficit at seedling stage and flowering stage was beneficial to increase dry matter of reproductive organs and yield of pepper. Of which, short\|term mild water deficit at seedling stage (MLS-4), long\|term mild water deficit at seedling stage (MLS-8) and short\|term mild water deficit at flowering stage (HLS-4) increased dry matter of reproductive organs and yield of pepper to different degrees. Especially under the treatment of MLS-8, the dry matter of reproductive organs and yield was the most, which increased by 17.60% and 17.01%, compared with CK. However, the dry matter of reproductive organs and yield were decreased in different intensity of water deficit at fruit stage. In the long\|term severe water deficit at fruiting stage (GSS-8), the dry matter of reproductive organs and yield were the least, which were decreased by 43.88% and 41.56% compared with CK, respectively. In addition, water deficit at seedling stage can reduce fruit quality, while water deficit at flowering and fruiting stage can promote pepper quality. Among them, VC content, fruit color index and capsaicin increased the most under GSS-8 treatment, which increased by 7.50%, 5.71% and 10.30% compared with CK, respectively. Based on comprehensive reflection of the decision makers preference and objective test results and a more scientific and comprehensive method of selecting the optimal regulated deficit irrigation scheme, the AHP-EWM-TOPSIS multi\|target comprehensive analysis method was used to score regulated deficit irrigation schemes. It found that the short\|term mild water deficit scheme at flowering stage (HLS-4) possessed the highest score for improving the production and quality most. Therefore, HLS-4 scheme was the best deficit scheme in this experiment. |
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