| 焦艳平,王罕博,陈文彬,赵名彦,顾宝群,任佳梦.冀南平原大棚微咸水滴灌对土壤水盐分布及葡萄生长发育的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(1):128~139 |
| 冀南平原大棚微咸水滴灌对土壤水盐分布及葡萄生长发育的影响 |
| Effects of brackish water drip irrigation on soil water\|salt distribution and grape growth in greenhouse of South Hebei Plain |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.01.16 |
| 中文关键词: 微咸水滴灌 葡萄 盐分阈值 新梢生长 净光合速率 糖酸比 |
| 英文关键词:brackish water drip irrigation grape salt threshold new shoot growth net photosynthetic rate sugar acid ratio |
| 基金项目:河北省水利科技计划项目(2016-77，2019-09，2020-07)；国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0401403) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为确定适宜矿化度的微咸水滴灌方式，并为指导不同葡萄品种的微咸水滴灌灌溉制度提供理论依据，在冀南平原地区开展大棚葡萄微咸水滴灌试验，研究了淡水（CK）、2 g·L-1微咸水（2 g·L-1）、3 g·L-1微咸水（3 g·L-1）和4 g·L-1微咸水（4 g·L-1）4个不同矿化度水分灌溉处理对土壤水盐分布、葡萄生长和光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明：（1）2 g·L-1处理的土壤盐分累积小于影响葡萄生长的盐分阈值，而3 g·L-1和4 g·L-1处理的盐分累积已超出该盐分阈值。（2）微咸水滴灌会减缓生育前期葡萄新梢的生长速度，且矿化度越高减缓程度越大。（3）随着矿化度的增加，叶片净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度呈现逐渐降低的趋势，但2 g·L-1处理的叶片水分利用效率高于其他处理。（4）2 g·L-1处理‘火焰无核’葡萄的糖酸比高于该品种下的其他矿化度处理，且较CK处理显著提高11.5%，品质最佳；而3 g·L-1处理‘红巴拉多’葡萄的糖酸比显著低于其他3个处理，平均降低了9.5%，品质最差。（5）随着矿化度增加，2个品种葡萄产量呈现显著降低的趋势，2 g·L-1处理降低幅度较小。因此，微咸水（2 g·L-1）滴灌能使葡萄叶片保持较高水平的净光合速率，同时显著降低无效蒸腾，提高了叶片水分利用效率和糖酸比，用于该地区大棚‘火焰无核’和‘红巴拉多’混种可促品质保产量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to determine the suitable salinity of brackish water drip irrigation and provide a theoretical basis for guiding the drip irrigation system of brackish water for different grape varieties, a drip irrigation experiment with brackish water for grape production in greenhouse was carried out in South Hebei Plain.The experiment studied the effects of four different salinity treatments of fresh water (CK), 2 g·L-1 brackish water (2 g·L-1), 3 g·L-1 brackish water (3 g·L-1) and 4 g·L-1 brackish water (4 g·L-1) on soil water and salt distribution, grape growth, photosynthetic characterisitcs and fruit quality. The results showed that： (1)The salt accumulation degree of 2 g·L-1 treatment was less than the salt threshold of normal grape growth; However, the salt accumulation of 3 g·L-1 and 4 g·L-1 treatments exceeded the salt threshold of normal growth. (2)Brackish water drip irrigation slowed down the growth rate of grape new shoots in the early stage, and the higher mineralization degree, the greater the mitigation degree. (3)With the increase of salinity, the net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration of leaves showed a trend of gradual decrease. However,the highest water use efficiency was found at 2 g·L-1. (4)The sugar\|acid ratio coefficient of ‘Flame Seedless’ grapes in 2 g·L-1 treatment was higher than that of other salinity treatments of this variety, which was significantly higher than that in CK treatment by 11.5%, and it had the best quality. The sugar\|acid ratio of ‘Balado Red’ grapes in 3 g·L-1 treatment was significantly lower than the other three treatments with an average reduction of 9.5%, and the quality of the grape was the worst. (5)With the increase of salinity, the grape yield showed a significant decrease trend, and the decrease range of 2 g·L-1 treatment was smaller. Therefore, drip irrigation with brackish water (2 g·L-1) maintained a higher net photosynthetic rate in grape leaves, which significantly reducing ineffective transpiration and improving leaf water use efficiency and sugar\|acid ratio coefficient. This drip irrigation method of ‘Flame Seedless’ and ‘Balado Red’ greenhouse mixed planting improved the quality and keep the yield in this area. |
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