| 马达灵,高慧霞,于晓芳,高聚林,李博.深松耕作对不同年代玉米品种生理成熟后的抗倒伏力学特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(1):140~149 |
| 深松耕作对不同年代玉米品种生理成熟后的抗倒伏力学特性的影响 |
| Effects of subsoiling tillage on stalk lodging resistant mechanical characteristic of maize varieties after physiological maturity |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.01.17 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 深松 力学强度 茎折 生理成熟 |
| 英文关键词:maize subsoiling tillage mechanical strength stalk lodging physiological maturity |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（2020MS03053）；内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项项目（KJXM2020001-06）；国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-50)；内蒙古自治区科技重大专项项目（2021ZD0003） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以1970—2010s主推玉米品种为材料，设置深松与浅旋耕处理，研究深松耕作对不同年代玉米品种生理成熟后的抗倒伏力学特征的影响。结果表明，生理成熟后玉米倒伏率增加；与浅旋耕相比，深松耕作使不同玉米品种的茎折率平均降低1.22个百分点，茎秆力学强度增加；高密度下玉米茎秆力学强度的增幅更加明显，1970s品种第4节间压碎强度增加了43.6%、第5节间弯曲强度增加了33.05%；1980s品种第3~5节间穿刺强度和第3、5节间弯曲强度、1990s品种第4节间压碎强度和第3节间弯曲强度、2000s品种第3~5节间穿刺强度和第3节间弯曲强度也有明显增加；而2010s品种在深松高密与浅旋高密下，茎秆力学强度指标无明显变化。深松耕作对玉米群体生理成熟后抗倒性的提高与第3、4节间穿刺强度、第4节间弯曲强度和第3、5节间压碎强度的增加密切相关；但随着品种演替茎秆力学强度无明显增强，第3节间穿刺强度以0.26×107 N·m-2·10a-1的速率降低。由此可见，茎秆力学强度可作为构建玉米抗倒伏群体的指标，但评价品种抗茎折能力具有一定片面性，后续研究需关注构建综合的评价指标体系。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The subsoiling tillage and rotary tillage were studied for their effects on maize stalk lodging resistant mechanical characteristic after physiological maturity using maize varieties released druing 1970s to 2010s. The results showed that maize stalk lodging increased after physiological maturity. For different maize varieties, stalk lodging reduced by an average of 1.22 percentage point, and mechanical strength significantly increased at subsoiling tillage compared with those at shallow rotary tillage. The mechanical strength changes were larger at high planting density. The fourth crushing strength and the fifth internode bending strength of the 1970s variety increased respectively by 43.6% and 33.05%. The third to the fifth internodes rind puncture strength and the third and fifth internode bending strength of the 1980s variety, the fourth crushing strength and the third internode bending strength of the 1990s variety, the third to the fifth internodes rind puncture strength and the third internode bending strength of the 2000s variety had also significantly increased, whereas mechanical strength of the 2010s variety had no obvious change, under subsoiling tillage compare to shallow rotary tillage at high density. The stalk lodging resistance improvement was correlated with the increases of the 3rd and 4th internodes rind puncture strength and the 4th internodes bending strength and the 3rd and 5th internodes crushing strength at subsoiling tillage. However, the mechanical strength of internodes did not significantly increase and the puncture strength of the 3rd internode decreased by 0.26×107 N·m-2·10a-1 with improved maize varieties. Therefore, it was suggested that stalk mechanical characteristics were used to construct maize lodging resistance population but was not used to evaluate maize varieties stalk lodging resistance because of their one\|sidedness. Attention should be paid to building a comprehensive evaluation index system of maize variety stalk lodging resistance in future. |
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