| 寇太记,程相涵,贺娟,王俪睿,张慧智,陈俊红.夜间增温对铅危害下小麦物质积累分配与根系生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(1):221~227 |
| 夜间增温对铅危害下小麦物质积累分配与根系生长的影响 |
| Effects of nighttime warming on dry matter accumulation and distribution and root growth of wheat under soil lead stress |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.01.26 |
| 中文关键词: 夜间增温 冬小麦 土壤污染 铅 干物质 根系生长 |
| 英文关键词:nighttime warming winter wheat soil pollution lead dry matter root growth |
| 基金项目:中国科学院“一三五”重大突破项目（E0X15016）；河南科技大学创新团队项目（2015TTD002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示气候变暖与土壤铅污染对农作物及其地下根系生长的影响，利用夜间增温系统研究了4种土壤铅水平下冬小麦关键生育期的干物质积累及其地上地下分配、收获指数、根系活性的变化。结果表明，夜间增温提升小麦全生育期的土壤温度0.6~1.4℃，增温效果明显。未污染处理的小麦蜡熟期总生物量与籽粒产量在夜间增温下显著提高，但收获指数却显著降低。铅污染加重造成小麦籽粒产量与总生物量下降，但夜间增温使铅污染处理小麦的产量显著增加14.7%~19.1%、总生物量显著增加13.0%~26.5%，其收获指数增加，表明夜间增温提高了小麦抗铅污染危害的能力。增温对提高小麦根干物质积累表现为正效应而铅污染胁迫则表现为负效应，增温具有增加小麦根系干重及根冠比的趋势，但受铅污染程度、作物生长时期制约。小麦根系活性随土壤铅污染加重而下降，而夜间增温具有提高低铅土壤小麦各时期根系活性的趋势，夜间增温在抽穗期显著提高了4个铅处理的小麦根系活性（12.2%~40.2%），增温下根系活性的增强有助于作物抵御铅污染危害。研究结果表明增温对小麦地下系统的正效应影响有助于提高其抵御铅污染胁迫的能力。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Effects of climate warming and soil lead (Pb) contamination on growth of crops and their underground roots remain as urgent concerns. In this study, responses of winter wheat (vs. Zhongmai 175) in dry matter accumulation and its distribution of the above and belowground, harvest index and its root activity in key growth period to nighttime warming (NW) and lead (Pb) contamination were investigated. Results showed that the NW obviously enhanced average soil temperature with range of 0.6~1.4℃ during wheat growth period. The NW significantly increased total biomass and yield of wheat in non\|Pb pollution at dough stage, while harvest index was observably decreased. Compared with decreases of total biomass and yield along with the increasing Pb concentration under control environment, the NW significantly increased wheat yield by 14.7%~19.1%, total biomass by 13.0%~26.5% and harvest index, further indicating that the NW improved the ability of wheat resisting the Pb pollution hazard. The NW basically showed a positive effect on dry matter accumulations of roots, while Pb pollution stress did a negative effect on those. The NW basically raised root dry matter and the ratios of root to shoot biomass, but they were restricted by the level of Pb pollution and wheat growth stage. The root activities of wheat decreased with increasing Pb concentration in soil. However, lower soil Pb concentration basically improved the root activities at different growth periods under the NW. The NW significantly increased the root activities by 12.2%~40.2% of four Pb treatments in heading stage. The enhancement of root activities under the NW helped the crop resist Pb stress. Our findings shed light on the positive effects of the NW on wheat root system, contributing to improve the ability of wheat resisting soil Pb stress. |
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