| 唐江华,苏丽丽,徐文修,孟令贻,王晨,田文强,张俊尧,王家勇.氮肥减施对棉花产量、干物质生产与氮素吸收利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(2):86~95 |
| 氮肥减施对棉花产量、干物质生产与氮素吸收利用的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on cotton yield, dry matter production and nitrogen uptake and utilization |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.02.10 |
| 中文关键词: 棉花 减氮施肥 干物质积累 产量 氮素利用效率 |
| 英文关键词:cotton nitrogen fertilizer reduction dry matter accumulation yield nitrogen use efficiency |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFD1001001）；新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项（2020E0216） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究北疆棉花干物质积累、产量及氮素利用效率对不同减氮水平的响应，本研究通过两年的田间试验（2020—2021年），设置农户常规施氮375 kg·hm-2（N100%）、常规减量20%为300 kg·hm-2（N80%）、常规减量40%为225 kg·hm-2（N60%）和不施氮肥（N0）4个施氮水平，研究减氮下棉花干物质积累、农艺性状及产量的变化规律，分析植株氮素吸收量、氮肥利用率对减氮的响应。研究结果表明，两年试验期棉花的株高均表现为N100%>N80%>N60%>N0，而茎粗表现为N80%>N100%>N60%>N0。各处理的年均干物质积累量在棉花生育期内基本表现为N80%最高，且最终（120~130 d）干物质积累量较N100%高18.73%。棉花的单株铃数、单铃重、衣分和产量也以N80%的最高，年均籽棉产量达6 354.33 kg·hm-2，皮棉产量达2 664.12 kg·hm-2，分别比N100%、N60%、N0提高13.88%、19.84%、39.44%（籽棉）和18.11%、24.98%、41.28%（皮棉），同时提高氮肥的表观利用率和农学利用率。经相关分析得出，各测定指标均与减氮水平呈极显著正相关关系，且两年均以单株氮素吸收和群体氮素吸收的相关度最大。综上所述，在本试验条件下，在农户常规施氮量的基础上减少20%的氮肥施用量，能够满足棉花在生长期间的氮素需求，促进棉花增产增效。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the response of cotton dry matter production, yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization to nitrogen fertilizer reduction in Northern Xinjiang, a field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different reduced N applications on cotton growth and development and yield in North Xinjiang from 2020 to 2021. The research set up four nitrogen application levels: conventional nitrogen application of 375 kg·hm-2 (N100%), conventional reduction of 20% to 300 kg·hm-2 (N80%), conventional reduction of 40% to 225 kg·hm-2 (N60%), and no nitgroen fertilizer application (N0). The results showed that, the plant height of cotton in both years showed a trend of conventional N application (N100%) > 20% N reduction (N80%)> 40% N reduction (N60%) > no N fertilizer (N0), and the diameter of stem showed N80%> N100%> N60%> N0. The dry matter accumulation in all treatments was basically highest in the N80% treatment during the cotton growth period (two\|year average), and the final (120~130 d) dry matter accumulation percentage and yield were also the highest in the N80% treatment 18.73% higher than that of N100%. Cotton boll number per plant,boll weight per plant, lint and yield reached to the highest level under the N80% treatment, with a two\|year average seed cotton yield of 6 354.33 kg·hm-2 and lint cotton yield of 2 664.12 kg·hm-2. Seed cotton yield and lint yield were 13.88%, 19.84%, 39.44% and 18.11%, 24.98%, 41.28% higher than N100%, N60%, N0 respectively, while the apparent and agronomic utilization rates of N fertilizer were higher. The nitrogen apparent utilization rate and agronomic utilization rate of N80% treatment were also higher than other treatments. Through correlation analysis, it was found that some of the indicators were significantly positively correlated with nitrogen reduction.The correlation between nitrogen absorption per plant and nitrogen absorption in population was the highest in the two years. In summary, under the conditions of this experiment, reducing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer by 20% based on the conventional nitrogen application rate of farmers should meet the nitrogen requirements of cotton growth and promote increased cotton yields and efficiency. |
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