山西典型旱地玉米产量及水分利用效率对长期不同施肥的响应

刘志平

山西典型旱地玉米产量及水分利用效率对长期不同施肥的响应

Responses of maize yield and water use efficiency to long-term fertilization in dryland of Shanxi Province of China

投稿时间：2023-02-17 修订日期：2023-05-06

DOI：

英文关键词:Organic fertilizer Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer Maize yield Water use efficiency Contribution rate of soil fertility

基金项目:

作者	单位	邮编
刘志平^*	山西农业大学	030006

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中文摘要:

水肥高效利用是作物高产稳产的基础。本研究旨在明确旱地玉米产量和水分利用效率对长期不同施肥措施的响应，为旱地合理施肥提高水肥利用效率提供科学依据。在山西寿阳半湿润偏旱区开展了施用氮磷化肥、单施有机肥、及氮磷化肥与有机肥配施的30年长期试验，包括4个氮磷用量（N1P1M0，N2P2M0，N3P3M0和N4P4M0）、3个氮磷化肥和有机肥配施（N2P1M1，N4P2M2和N3P2M3）、单施有机肥（N0P0M6），以不施肥（N0P0M0）为对照，分析了近三年（2019-2021）玉米产量、生育期耗水量、2米土体贮水量及玉米的水分利用效率。结果表明：施肥增加了玉米产量和水分利用效率，且以氮磷化肥配施有机肥的处理产量最高、稳产性最好；氮磷配合有机肥的产量比单施氮磷平均增加32.7%，产量变异系数下降了6.1%，水分利用效率增加33.0%。4个不同氮磷化肥用量下，玉米产量和水分利用效率均在N2P2M0处理中最高。长期单施有机肥（N0P0M6），提高了土壤肥力，其有机质含量约为氮磷施肥处理的2倍，其产量和水分利用效率整体高于单施氮磷化肥的处理。水分利用效率与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关关系。与氮磷化肥相比，施用有机肥降低了水分利用效率的地力贡献率；但施用有机肥能够维持高产稳产，说明地力提升对旱地具有十分重要的意义。因此，长期施用有机肥提升地力，也是旱地高产稳产和提高水分利用效率的有效措施。

英文摘要:

Efficient utilization of water and fertilizer is the basis of high and stable yield of crops. The aim of this study was to determine the response of maize yield and WUE to different long-term fertilization measures in dryland, and to provide a scientific basis for improving WUE with rational fertilization in dryland.In the semi-humid arid region of Shouyang, Shanxi Province, a 30-year long-term experiment was carried out on the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, organic fertilizer alone, and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer. Including four different nitrogen and phosphorus dosages (N1P1M0, N2P2M0, N3P3M0 and N4P4M0), single application of organic fertilizer (N0P0M6), nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer and combined application of organic fertilizer (N2P1M1, N4P2M2 and N3P2M3), with no fertilization (N0P0M0) as the control, The maize yield, water storage capacity of 2 m soil, water consumption during growth of maize, and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize were analyzed in the last three years (2019-2021).The results showed that fertilization increased maize yield and water use efficiency. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer had the highest yield and the best stable yield. Yield increased by 32.7% on average, yield variation coefficient decreased by 6.1%, and WUE increased by 33.0% compared with single N/P. In the four treatments with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, maize yield and water use efficiency were the highest in N2P2M0 treatment. Long-term single application of organic fertilizer (N0P0M6) improved soil fertility, organic matter content in which was about 2 times of those treatments with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, and its yield and water use efficiency were general higher than those treatments with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. There was a significant positive correlation between WUE and soil organic matter content. Compared with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, the soil yield contribution rate of WUE was decreased by applying organic fertilizer. However, the application of organic fertilizer can maintain high and stable yield, indicating that soil fertility improvement is of great significance for dryland. Therefore, long-term application of organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility is also an effective measure to improve high and stable yield and WUE in dryland.

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