于贝贝,何莉莉,刘玉学,秦晶晶,王坤,于丹丹,刘淑英,杨生茂.生物炭与木醋液对中度盐土N2O和NH3排放的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(2):238~247
生物炭与木醋液对中度盐土N2O和NH3排放的影响
Effects of biochar and wood vinegar on N2O and NH3 emissions from moderately saline soil
  
DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.02.26
中文关键词:  生物炭  木醋液  中度盐土  气态氮损失  温室效应潜能
英文关键词:biochar  wood vinegar  moderately saline soil  gaseous nitrogen loss  global warming potential
基金项目:浙江省自然科学基金（LY21D010003）；国家科技部：国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFF0213404）
作者单位
于贝贝 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，甘肃 兰州 730070；浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，浙江 杭州 310021 
何莉莉 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，浙江 杭州 310021；浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心，浙江 杭州 310021 
刘玉学 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，浙江 杭州 310021；浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心，浙江 杭州 310021 
秦晶晶 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，浙江 杭州 310021 
王坤 北京理工大学珠海学院中美国际学院，广东 珠海 519088；澳门城市大学商学院，澳门 999078 
于丹丹 辽宁景华工程咨询有限公司，辽宁 沈阳 110029 
刘淑英 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，甘肃 兰州 730070 
杨生茂 浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，浙江 杭州 310021；浙江省生物炭工程技术研究中心，浙江 杭州 310021 
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中文摘要:
      为探究生物炭与木醋液对盐土尿素氮的硝化过程、N2O排放和NH3挥发的影响，以甘肃中度盐土为研究对象，设置不施尿素对照（CK）、单施尿素（N）、尿素+生物炭（N+B）、尿素+木醋液（N+WV）和尿素+生物炭+木醋液（N+B+WV）5个处理，开展室内好气培养试验。结果表明：（1）各处理在培养0~14 d的表观硝化率均呈上升趋势，其中N+B+WV处理较其他处理铵态氮含量最高、表观硝化率最低，培养后期表观硝化率明显提高；培养结束N+B+WV处理氨氧化细菌（AOB）amoA基因丰度较N处理显著提高，增幅为76.5%，氨氧化古菌（AOA）amoA基因丰度较CK显著降低，降幅为51.5%。（2）与CK相比，N处理N2O和NH3累积排放量显著增加；与N处理相比，N+WV、N+B和N+B+WV处理N2O累积排放量分别增加10.0%、减少9.5%和减少18.2%，氧化亚氮还原酶nosZ基因丰度分别降低9.3%、26.1%和37.7%，NH3累积挥发量分别减少30.5%、28.9%和49.0%。（3）综合计算各处理N2O和NH3排放的温室效应潜能发现，与N处理相比，N+B+WV处理降低温室效应潜能20.0%，减排效果最显著。综上，在中度盐土区采用生物炭与木醋液配施可以有效减少盐土中N2O和NH3排放，有利于减少土壤氮素损失并降低温室效应潜能。
英文摘要:
      To explore the effects of biochar and wood vinegar on the nitrification process of urea nitrogen, N2O emission and NH3 volatilization of saline soil, five treatments of control (CK)with no urea, urea (N), urea + biochar (N+B), urea + wood vinegar (N+WV) and urea+biochar+wood vinegar (N+B+WV) were set up to carry out indoor aerobic culture experiments. The results showed that: (1) The apparent nitrification rate of each treatment showed an upward trend 14 days before culture. Compared with other treatments, the content of ammonium nitrogen in N+B+WV treatment was the highest, the apparent nitrification rate was the lowest, and the apparent nitrification rate was significantly higher in the later stage of culture. At the end of culture, the amoA gene abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in N+B+WV treatment was significantly higher than that in N treatment, with an increase of 76.5%, and the amoA gene abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) was significantly lower than that in CK, with a decrease of 51.5%. (2) Compared with CK, the cumulative emissions of N2O and NH3 in N treatment increased significantly. Compared with N treatment, the cumulative emission of N2O in N+WV, N+B and N+B+WV treatment increased by 10.0%, decreased by 9.5% and 18.2% respectively, the abundance of nitrous oxide reductase nosZ gene decreased by 9.3%，26.1% and 37.7% respectively, and the cumulative volatilization of NH3 decreased by 30.5%, 28.9% and 49.0% respectively. (3) Comprehensive calculating the greenhouse effect potential caused by N2O and NH3 emissions of each treatment found the N+B+WV treatment reduced the greenhouse effect potential by 20.0%, and the emission reduction effect was the most significant when compared with N treatment. In conclusion, the combined application of biochar and wood vinegar in moderately saline soil area effectively reduced N2O and NH3 emissions in soil, soil inorganic nitrogen loss and greenhouse effect potential.
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