| 张露荷,赵通,黄华梨,王博,张德,王芳,王多锋,李毅.‘赞皇大枣’和‘冬枣’对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(3):104~113 |
| ‘赞皇大枣’和‘冬枣’对干旱胁迫的生理响应 |
| Physiological response of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ and ‘Dongzao’ to drought stress |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.03.15 |
| 中文关键词: 赞皇大枣 冬枣 干旱胁迫 生理机制 |
| 英文关键词:‘Zanhuangdazao’ ‘Dongzao’ drought stress physiological mechanism |
| 基金项目:甘肃省林业和草原科技创新项目(kjcx202006)；甘肃省林业科技计划项目(2016kj048)；中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(\[2018\]ZYTG 4) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以3 a生定干80 cm的‘赞皇大枣’和‘冬枣’为试材，设干旱和正常灌水两种处理，在处理21 d时测定其生长指标、叶绿素含量、光合及荧光参数、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化酶活性和内源激素含量，分析两个枣树品种响应干旱胁迫的生理差异。结果表明：干旱胁迫主要抑制了两个枣树品种的新梢叶片数、叶片长度和枣吊长度，‘冬枣’的新梢节间数下降了45.5%，而‘赞皇大枣’的单株枣吊总数下降了45.61%。干旱胁迫后，‘赞皇大枣’和‘冬枣’的叶片叶绿素总含量分别下降了18.94%和29.32%。‘赞皇大枣’的光合、蒸腾速率在正常灌水和干旱胁迫后均高于‘冬枣’，而在正常灌水情况下，除Fm以外，二者的荧光参数值无显著差异。干旱胁迫后，‘赞皇大枣’的Ci无显著变化，而‘冬枣’的Ci降幅为48.07%。相比于‘冬枣’，干旱胁迫后‘赞皇大枣’的ΦPSⅡ和qP分别提高97.69%和77.25%，qN降低18.29%。正常情况下，两个枣树品种叶片的相对电导率、MDA和Pro含量无显著差异，‘赞皇大枣’的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量比‘冬枣’分别高148.29%和12.59%，可见‘赞皇大枣’有较强的可溶性糖代谢能力。干旱胁迫后，‘冬枣’的相对电导率较‘赞皇大枣’显著提高16.01%，Pro和可溶性蛋白含量分别显著降低35.49%和35.98%，可见‘赞皇大枣’具有更强的维持细胞膜稳定性能力和渗透调节能力。正常情况下，两个枣树品种的SOD、POD活性无显著差异，‘冬枣’的CAT活性比‘赞皇大枣’低23.06%。干旱胁迫后‘赞皇大枣’比‘冬枣’的SOD和POD活性分别提高25.77%和76.82%，可见‘赞皇大枣’的自由基清除能力更强。正常情况下，‘赞皇大枣’叶片的ZR和IAA含量高于‘冬枣’，GA3和ABA含量无显著差异；干旱胁迫后，‘赞皇大枣’4种激素的含量均显著高于‘冬枣’，最终导致二者GA3/ABA、ZR/ABA的变化差异较大。综上，与干旱敏感的‘冬枣’相比，高抗旱枣树品种‘赞皇大枣’的叶片在抗衰老和脱落、维持细胞膜稳定和渗透平衡、清除自由基、提高PSII反应中心的电子传递效率等方面所具有的代谢优势是其抗旱高产的主要生理机制。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Three\|year\|old ‘Zanhuangdazao’ and ‘Dongzao’ of 80 cm jujubes were used as experimental materials in this study. The growth indexes, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters, osmotic regulation substances contents, antioxidant enzyme activities and endogenous hormone contents were measured at 21 days after natural drought and normal watering. Physiological differences of different jujubes in response to drought stress were analyzed. The results showed that drought stress mainly inhibited the number of new shoot leaves, leaf length and jujube hanging length of two jujube cultivars. In addition, the number of shoot internodes of ‘Dongzao’ decreased by 45.5%, while the total number of jujube hanging per plant of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ decreased by 45.61%. The leaf chlorophyll total content of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ decreased by 18.94%, while that of ‘Dongzao’ decreased by 29.32% after drought stress. The photosynthetic and transpiration rates of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ were higher than those of ‘Dongzao’ after normal watering and drought stress, but there was no significant difference in fluorescence parameters between them except Fm under normal watering condition. After drought stress, the Ci of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ had no significant change, while the Ci of ‘Dongzao’ decreased by 48.07%. Compared with ‘Dongzao’, the ΦPSⅡ and qP of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ increased by 97.69% and 77.25%, respectively, while the qN decreased by 18.29% after drought stress. Under normal conditions, the relative electrical conductivity, MDA and Pro contents of leaves of the two jujube cultivars were not significantly different. The soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ were 148.29% and 12.59% higher than those of ‘Dongzao’, respectively, indicating that ‘Zanhuangdazao’ had a strong ability of soluble sugar metabolism. After drought stress, the relative electrical conductivity of ‘Dongzao’ was 16.01% higher than that of ‘Zanhuangdazao’, and the contents of Pro and soluble protein were 35.49% and 35.98% lower than those of ‘Zanhuangdazao’, indicating that ‘Zanhuangdazao’ had stronger ability to maintain cell membrane stability and osmoregulation. Under normal conditions, there was no significant difference in SOD and POD activities between the two jujube cultivars, and CAT activity of ‘Dongzao’ was 23.06% lower than that of ‘Zanhuangdazao’. After drought stress, the SOD and POD activities of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ were 25.77% and 76.82% higher than those of ‘Dongzao’, respectively, indicating that ‘Zanhuangdazao’ had a stronger free radical scavenging ability. Under normal conditions, ZR and IAA contents in leaves of ‘Zanhuangdazao’ were higher than those of ‘Dongzao’, but GA3 and ABA contents were not significantly different. After drought stress, the contents of four hormones in ‘Zanhuangdazao’ were significantly higher than those in ‘Dongzao’, which finally resulted in the great difference of GA3/ABA and ZR/ABA between them. In conclusion, compared with drought\|sensitive jujube cultivar ‘Dongzao’, the drought\|tolerant cultivar ‘Zanhuangdazao’ had metabolic advantages in anti\|aging and shedding, maintaining cell membrane stability and osmotic balance, scavenging free radicals, and improving electron transport efficiency of PSII reaction center, which would be the main physiological mechanism of drought resistance and high yield. |
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