NaCl胁迫下不同葡萄砧木耐盐性与其离子吸收、光合特性的关系

王瑞; 史晓敏; 张艳霞; 吴轩; 王宁; 陈泽平; 王振平

王瑞,史晓敏,张艳霞,吴轩,王宁,陈泽平,王振平.NaCl胁迫下不同葡萄砧木耐盐性与其离子吸收、光合特性的关系[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(3):114~126

NaCl胁迫下不同葡萄砧木耐盐性与其离子吸收、光合特性的关系

Relationships between salt tolerance and ion absorption, photosynthetic characteristics of different grape rootstocks under NaCl stress

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.03.16

中文关键词: 葡萄砧木 NaCl胁迫离子分配光合作用耐盐性

英文关键词:grape rootstock salt stress ion distribution photosynthesis salt tolerance

基金项目:宁夏回族自治区重大科技攻关计划项目（2021BEF02036）；财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-29-zp-03）

作者	单位
王瑞	宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021
史晓敏	宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021
张艳霞	宁夏大学生命科学学院，宁夏银川 750021
吴轩	宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021
王宁	宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021
陈泽平	宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021
王振平	宁夏大学农学院，宁夏银川 750021

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中文摘要:

为筛选耐盐葡萄砧木并探究其耐盐机制，以13种1 a生葡萄砧木为试材，研究100 mM NaCl浇灌处理下葡萄砧木的生长量、光合特性及植株体内Na⁺、Cl^-、K⁺、Mg²⁺¹、Ca²⁺¹的差异性变化。盐害指数结果表明：110R和101-14盐害指数较小，为高抗盐砧木，Dogridge、5BB和香槟尼为抗盐品种；5C、贝达和B.R.No.2为中抗盐砧木，Valiant和山河2号为盐敏感品种，188-08、3309C和140R盐害指数最大耐盐性最弱，为盐高敏感砧木。生理指标测定结果发现：NaCl胁迫下，砧木5BB、101-14、Valiant、山河2号、Dogridge、5C其茎粗增加量、新梢增加量与对照相比均存在显著性差异；各葡萄砧木净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度、蒸腾速率(T_r)均显著低于对照组，盐胁迫后期，140R和188-08叶片P_n分别为0.38 μmol·m^-2·S^-1和0.48 μmol·m^-2·S^-1，T_r分别为0.183 mol·m^-2·S^-1和0.20 mol·m^-2·S^-1，植株叶片基本枯萎，光合作用消失，气孔关闭；葡萄砧木体内离子平衡遭到破坏，Na⁺、Cl^-大量积累，K⁺、Ca²⁺¹、Mg²⁺¹吸收受阻，并以110R受阻最为显著，胁迫后期根系较对照样品分别降低83.21%、85.03%、75.68%；盐胁迫下植株K⁺/Na⁺、Ca²⁺¹/Na⁺、Mg²⁺¹/Na⁺值均显著降低，抗盐葡萄砧木主要通过根系截留Na⁺、Cl^-向地上部运输，加强对K⁺、Ca²⁺¹、Mg²⁺¹等离子的选择性吸收，维持植株离子平衡，提高其抗盐能力。

英文摘要:

To select salt\|tolerant grape rootstocks and explore its salt\|tolerant mechanism, this study used 13 kinds of annual grape rootstocks as experimental materials. The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of grape rootstocks and the differences of Na⁺, Cl^-, K⁺, Mg²⁺¹ and Ca²⁺¹ in grape rootstocks were treated with 100 mM NaCl irrigation. The results of apparent salt damage index showed that 110R and 101-14 were high salt\|resistant varieties with low salt damage index. Dogridge, 5BB and V.champini were salt\|resistant varieties. 5C, Beta and B.R.No.2 were medium salt\|resistant varieties, Valiant and Amurensis × Riparia #2 were salt\|sensitive varieties. 188-08, 3309C and 140R were salt\|sensitive varieties with the highest salt\|tolerance index and the weakest salt\|sensitive varieties. The results of physiological indexes showed that under salt stress, for rootstocks 5BB, 101-14, Valiant, Amurensis × Riparia #2, Dogridge and 5C, there were significant differences in the increase of stem diameter and new shoots length compared with the control. The net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance and transpiration rate (T_r) of all grape rootstocks were significantly lower than those of the control. The P_n of 140R and 188-08 leaves were 0.38 μmol·m^-2·S^-1 and 0.48 μmol·m^-2·S^-1 in the later stage of salt stress, and the T_r were 0.183 mol·m^-2·S^-1 and 0.20 mol·m^-2·S^-1. The plant leaves basically withered, photosynthesis disappeared, and stomata closed. The ion balance in grape rootstocks was destroyed. Na⁺ and Cl^- accumulated massively, K⁺, Ca²⁺¹ and Mg²⁺¹ absorption was blocked, and 110R was blocked most significantly, and the root system decreased by 83.21%, 85.03% and 75.68% respectively compared with control in the later stage of stress. The values of K⁺/Na⁺、Ca²⁺¹/Na⁺ and Mg²⁺¹/Na⁺ in plants decreased significantly under salt stress. Salt\|resistant grape rootstocks mainly transported Na⁺ and Cl^- to the shoot through root interception to enhance the selective absorption of K⁺, Ca²⁺¹ and Mg²⁺¹ ions in order to maintain ion balance and improve salt tolerance of grape rootstocks.

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