| 潘艳花,朱惠霞,朱建强,秦嘉海.温室番茄有机组合肥筛选及其肥效、土壤环境和果实品质效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(3):166~178 |
| 温室番茄有机组合肥筛选及其肥效、土壤环境和果实品质效应 |
| Organic compound fertilizer for greenhouse tomato and its response to fertilizer, soil environmental efficiency and tomato’s quality |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.03.22 |
| 中文关键词: 番茄 有机物料 土壤环境质量 传统化肥 |
| 英文关键词:tomato organic materials soil environmental quality traditional chemical fertilizers |
| 基金项目:酒泉市科技支撑计划项目(2021JQKJZCJH);甘肃省科技厅技术创新引导计划（22CX2NA002） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解决长期施用传统化肥温室土壤环境质量和番茄品质下降以及有机物料对乡村生态环境污染的问题，以玉米秸秆、牛粪、食用菌渣、番茄专用肥和生物菌肥为原料，采用正交试验方法筛选配方，在室内合成有机物料组合肥，开展了有机物料组合肥对温室番茄土壤环境效应和番茄品质影响的田间试验。结果表明：有机物料组合肥配方组合比例为秸秆粪便菌渣肥∶番茄专用肥∶生物菌肥=0.9709∶0.0243∶0.0048，最大利润施肥量为60 t·hm-2。有机物料组合肥施用量与温室番茄种植田总孔隙度、＞0.25 mm水稳性团聚体、饱和持水量、阳离子交换量、可溶性盐、有机质、有机碳、有机碳密度、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、番茄株高、茎粗、单果重、单株果重和产量呈正相关关系，与容重和pH值呈负相关关系。连续3 a施用有机物料组合肥与传统化肥相比，温室番茄种植田容重、可溶性盐、pH值、真菌分别降低7.91%、12.34%、9.22%、10.26%，Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb分别降低16.28%、27.12%、16.60%、20.05%，番茄硝酸盐、可滴定酸、施肥成本分别降低6.64%、19.57%、11.02%，总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、水稳性团聚体、阳离子交换量分别增加8.73%、8.96%、8.45%、16.87%、17.89%，田间持水量、自然含水量、饱和持水量、毛管持水量、非毛管持水量、贮水量分别增加12.57%、10.51%、8.73%、8.96%、8.45%、5.30%，有机质、有机碳和有机碳密度分别增加17.28%、17.27%、8.25%，碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、Mn、Zn、Mo分别增加1.74%、1.31%、0.95%、1.82%、1.96%、9.09%，细菌、放线菌数量、脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶活性分别增加14.35%、6.80%、7.56%、5.71%、11.73%、10.43%，番茄可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc、可溶性固形物分别增加6.68%、8.96%、10.76%、17.29%，单果重、单株果重、产量、增产值、施肥利润、肥料投资效率分别增加6.67%、5.26%、5.43%、27.80%、38.30%、55.14%。施用有机物料组合肥改善了温室番茄种植田质量和番茄品质，提高了土壤有机质、酶活性和经济效益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To solve the problems of degradation of soil environmental quality and greenhouse tomato quality due to long\|term application of traditional chemical fertilizer and the pollution of organic materials to the rural ecological environment in the study area, the orthogonal test method was used, and corn straw, cow manure, edible fungus residue, tomato special fertilizer and biological fertilizer were taken as raw materials, and the organic materials was synthesized indoors. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of organic compound fertilizer efficiency, soil environmental effect and tomato quality of greenhouse tomatoes. The results showed that the ratio of organic compound fertilizer formula combination was as follows: straw manure fungus residue fertilizer 0.9709: tomato fertilizer 0.0243: biological fungus fertilizer 0.0048, and the maximum profit fertilizer amount was 60 t·hm-2. Different doses of organic material compound greenhouse tomato fields total porosity, > 0.25 mm aggregate water stability, saturated water capacity, CEC, soluble salts and organic matter, organic carbon, organic carbon density, alkali solution nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, tomato plant height, stem diameter, weight, weight per plant and yield were positively correlated relationship, and negatively correlated with bulk density and pH value. Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer, the bulk density, soluble salt, pH and fungi of greenhouse tomato planting 3 years in a row decreased by 7.91%, 12.34%, 9.22% and 10.26%, Hg, Cd, Cr and Pb decreased by 16.28%, 27.12%, 16.60% and 20.05%. Nitrate, titratable acid and fertilization cost decreased by 6.64%, 19.57% and 11.02%. Total porosity, capillary porosity, non\|capillary porosity, water\|stable aggregates and CEC increased by 8.73%, 8.96%, 8.45%, 16.87% and 17.89%. Field water capacity, natural water content, saturated water capacity, capillary water capacity, non\|capillary water capacity and water storage increased by 12.57%, 10.51%, 8.73%, 8.96%, 8.45% and 5.30%, and organic matter, organic carbon and organic carbon density increased by 17.28%, 17.27% and 8.25%. Alkali\|hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, Mn, Zn and Mo increased by 1.74%, 1.31%, 0.95%, 1.82%, 1.96% and 9.09%. The number of bacteria, actinomycetes, urease, phosphatase, sucrase and polyphenol oxidase activities increased by 14.35%, 6.80%, 7.56%, 5.71%, 11.73% and 10.43%, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, Vc and soluble solids increased by 6.68%, 8.96%, 10.76% and 17.29%. Fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per plant, yield, increase value, fertilizer profit and fertilizer investment efficiency increased by 6.67%, 5.26%, 5.43%, 27.80%, 38.30% and 55.14%. Application of organic material compound improved the quality of greenhouse tomato planting field and tomato quality, and increased soil organic matter, enzyme activities and economic benefits. |
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