| 刘凡,刘斌祥,郭宗翔,崔世磊,刘举,杨云飞,李小龙,孔凡磊,袁继超.滴灌减氮对四川盆地玉米吐丝后叶片衰老和物质积累的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(3):179~185 |
| 滴灌减氮对四川盆地玉米吐丝后叶片衰老和物质积累的影响 |
| Effects of nitrogen reduction by drip irrigation on leaf senescence and matter accumulation of maize after silking in Sichuan Basin |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.03.23 |
| 中文关键词: 玉米 滴灌 叶片衰老 碳氮代谢 物质积累 |
| 英文关键词:maize drip irrigation leaf senescence carbon and nitrogen metabolism matter accumulation |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0301704，2018YFD0301206）；四川玉米创新团队建设项目（SCCXTD-2020-02） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究滴灌减氮对玉米吐丝后叶片衰老特性、碳氮代谢及物质积累的影响，设置正常施氮（240 kg·hm-2，N240）和减氮25%（180 kg·hm-2，N180）2个氮肥量和4个滴灌水平（0 m3·hm-2，B0；375 m3·hm-2，B1；750 m3·hm-2，B2；1 125 m3·hm-2，B3），并以不施氮且不滴灌为对照组（CK），分析比较了不同氮肥水平下滴灌对玉米吐丝后穗位叶叶绿素含量、保护酶（超氧化物歧化酶，SOD；过氧化物酶，POD；过氧化氢酶，CAT）和碳氮代谢酶（蔗糖合成酶，SS；谷氨酰胺合成酶，GS）活性及物质积累的影响。结果表明：玉米吐丝后穗位叶叶绿素含量、保护酶和碳氮代谢酶活性以及吐丝后物质积累量均随施氮量和滴灌量增加而增加，且二者间存在一定互作效应。N180B0较N240B0处理各测定时期的平均叶绿素含量、SOD、POD、CAT、SS和GS活性及花后干物质积累量分别降低19.01%、19.71%、10.55%、7.32%、10.91%、19.91%和4.46%，但N180B3处理的上述指标与N240B0差异不显著甚至高于N240B0，表明氮肥水平和滴灌量间存在一定协同作用和互补效应，N180B3处理能实现延缓叶片衰老、维持较强的碳氮代谢能力。研究结果可为四川盆地玉米水肥一体化减氮增效技术提供理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The objective of this study was to examine the effects of nitrogen reduction and drip irrigation on leaf senescence, carbon and nitrogen metabolism and matter accumulation of maize after silking. Two levels of normal nitrogen (240 kg·hm-2, N240) and nitrogen 25% reduction (180 kg·hm-2, N180) and four different drip irrigation quantities (0 m3·hm-2, B0; 375 m3·hm-2, B1; 750 m3·hm-2, B2;1 125 m3·hm-2, B3) with non\|irrigation and non\|nitrogen application as control (CK) were set. A total of 9 treatments were designed to compare the differences of chlorophyll content, protective enzyme activity （superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT）, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity (sucrose synthetase, SS; glutamine synthetase, GS) and matter accumulation of maize leaves after silking with drip irrigation under different nitrogen fertilizer levels. The results showed that the chlorophyll content, activities of protective enzymes, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes and matter accumulation after silking increased with the increase of nitrogen application and drip irrigation, and there was a certain interaction between them. Compared with normal nitrogen treatment (N240B0), the average chlorophyll content, SOD, POD, CAT, SS and GS activities and post\|anthesis dry matter accumulation of 25% nitrogen reduction treatment (N180B0) decreased by 19.01%, 19.71%, 10.55%, 7.32%, 10.91%, 19.91% and 4.46%, respectively, but there was no significant difference between N180B3 and N240B0 with even higher than that of N240B0. Meanwhile, there was a certain synergistic and complementary effect between nitrogen fertilizer level and drip irrigation amount. This research demonstrated that the N180B3 treatment delayed leaf senescence, maintained strong carbon and nitrogen metabolism. The study provides a theoretical basis for integrated water and fertilizer nitrogen reduction technology for maize production in the Sichuan Basin. |
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