| 樊廷录,吕迎春,杨天育,王淑英,王睛,李尚中,赵刚,李兴茂.甘肃省粮食生产分析及产能提升战略构思[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(4):1~8 |
| 甘肃省粮食生产分析及产能提升战略构思 |
| Analysis of grain production and strategic conception of productivity improvement in Gansu Province |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.04.01 |
| 中文关键词: 粮食产量；增长趋势；生产能力 甘肃省 |
| 英文关键词:grain production productivity improvement strategic conception Gansu |
| 基金项目:国家玉米产业体系（CARS-02-47);甘肃省重大科技专项（21ZD4NA022) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 新中国成立70年来，甘肃省粮食产量每年以13.535万t、53.485 kg·hm-2速度增加。2021年粮食总产量、单产和人均粮食占有量分别达到1 231.5万t、4 600.3 kg·hm-2和494.6 kg，总产和单产年均递增率分别为2.54%和3.01%，粮食生产实现了供需紧平衡。每生产1个百万吨级粮食所需时间由20 a降低到3.3 a，每生产1个300 kg·hm-2粮食单产量级需时由8 a下降到不足3 a。粮食总产和单产增幅显著高于播种面积减幅。粮食增长过程中气候影响占比降低，技术进步作用占比增强。粮食产量增加得益于玉米和马铃薯播种面积扩大，夏粮与秋粮作物适水种植结构由1978年60.6∶39.4调整到2021年32.4∶67.6；同时归结于粮食生产重心向旱作区转移及地膜覆盖集雨技术的突破，旱作区以占全省75.8%的粮食播种面积生产了65.4%的粮食。新时期全省粮食需求仍持续增加，2025—2030年有1 280~1 360万t粮食生产能力预期。面向农业发展新阶段，提高甘肃省粮食生产能力，要着眼于重塑“陇东粮仓”、强化河西粮食生产功能，发挥沿黄及洮、渭、泾河灌区和徽成盆地生产潜力的战略布局，通过稳面积优结构、建设高标准农田、科技创新、节水增粮高产带建设等工作，保障全省粮食生产再上新台阶。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China 70 years ago, grain output in Gansu Province has increased at a rate of 135 350 tons and 53.485 kg·hm-2. In 2021, total grain output, yield per unit area and per capita reached to 12.315 million tons, 4 600.3 kg·hm-2 and 494.6 kg, respectively, with an average annual increase rate of 2.54% and 3.01% in total yield and per unit area. Grain production has achieved a tight balance between supply and demand of grain. The time needed to produce a grain production capacity of one million tons and a grain yield of 300 kg·hm-2 decreased from 20 years to 3.3 years and from 8 years to less than 3 years, respectively. The increase of total grain yield and yield per unit area was significantly higher than the decrease of planting area. The fluctuation of climatic yield decreased, and the role of technological progress increased significantly during grain growth. The growth of grain output was due to the expansion of the planting area of spring maize and potato, and the water\|suitable planting structure of summer and autumn grain crops was adjusted from 60.6∶39.4 in 1978 to 32.4∶67.6 in 2021. The increase of grain production was also attributed to the shift of grain production focus to dryland areas and the breakthrough of plastic covering rainfall\|harvesting technology to increase grain production, and dryland area produces 65.4% of the total grain output with 75.8% of the total planting area of grain. In the new period, the grain demand of the whole province is increasing, and the grain production capacity of 12.8~13.6 million tons is expected in the foreseeable future. Focusing on the strategic layout of reconstructing the Longdong grain belt, strengthening the grain production function in Hexi, and emphasizing on the grain production potential in Jinghe irrigated areas along Huanghe and Taowei and Huicheng Basin, the province’s grain production will reach a new level. Stabilizing the area and optimizing planting structure, constructing high\|standard farmland with technological innovation, and building up high\|yield belt with water saving and grain increasing will help achieve the production goal. |
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