生物炭配施沼液对番茄根区土壤养分环境的影响及评价

郑健; 杨少鸿; 宿智鹏; 刘俊彦; 张平安

郑健,杨少鸿,宿智鹏,刘俊彦,张平安.生物炭配施沼液对番茄根区土壤养分环境的影响及评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(4):96~105

生物炭配施沼液对番茄根区土壤养分环境的影响及评价

Effects of biochar with biogas slurry application on soil nutrient environment in tomato root zone

DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.04.10

中文关键词: 生物炭沼液土壤养分番茄层次分析法

英文关键词:biochar biogas slurry soil nutrients tomato analytic hierarchy process

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（51969012）；甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目（2021CYZC-27，2021CYZC-33）；兰州理工大学红柳一流学科建设项目（0807J1）

作者	单位
郑健	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050；西北低碳城镇支撑技术协同创新中心，甘肃兰州 730050
杨少鸿	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050
宿智鹏	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050
刘俊彦	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050；甘肃省生物质能与太阳能互补供能系统重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730050
张平安	兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院，甘肃兰州 730050

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中文摘要:

为探明施用生物炭对沼液灌溉时作物根区养分滞留量的影响，将生物炭的强吸附特性与沼液绿色有机的特点相结合，在2019年和2020年开展两季大田试验，设置1个当地常规化肥处理（CF）和4个沼液-生物炭处理（沼液浓度20%，T₀、T_0.5、T_1.0、T_2.0处理生物炭施用量分别为0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%，质量比），探求不同生物炭施加量配施沼液对番茄根区土壤养分环境的影响，并采用层次分析法（AHP）进行了评价。结果表明：灌溉沼液浓度为20%时，番茄根区0~60 cm土层土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、有机质含量以及0~40 cm土层土壤pH值随生物炭施加量的增加而逐渐增大，T_2.0处理土壤全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮和有机质含量均高于其他处理；层次分析法对生物炭配施沼液处理下番茄根区土壤养分环境质量评价的结果表明，各处理对根区土壤养分环境质量的影响表现为：T_2.0>T_1.0>T_0.5>T₀>CF。不同生物炭施加量配施沼液处理不仅能提高番茄根区土壤养分含量，还可以进一步改善番茄根区土壤养分环境质量，T_2.0处理（20%浓度沼液配施2.0%生物炭）表现最佳。

英文摘要:

Combining strong adsorption characteristics of biochar with green and organic characteristics of biogas slurry, this experiment was to investigate the effects of biochar application on retention of nutrients in the crop root zone during biogas slurry irrigation. The field trials were conducted during two seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was performed by setting one conventional chemical fertilizer treatment (CF) and four biogas slurry\|biochar treatments of biochar concentration of 20%, and T₀, T_0.5, T_1.0, and T_2.0 treatments with biochar application rates of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, mass ratio. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the soil environment. The results showed that at a concentration of 20%, the total nitrogen, nitrate\|nitrogen, ammonium\|nitrogen and organic matter contents of the soil in the root zone of tomato from 0 to 60 cm and the pH of the soil from 0 to 40 cm increased gradually with the amount of biochar applied. The total nitrogen, nitrate\|nitrogen, ammonium\|nitrogen and organic matter contents of the soil in the T_2.0 treatment were higher than those in the other treatments. The results of the AHP on the soil nutrient environment quality of the tomato root zone under the combined application of biochar and biogas slurry showed that the order of the effects of each treatment on the soil nutrient environment quality in the root zone was: T_2.0>T_1.0>T_0.5>T₀>CF. Different biochar application rates combined with biogas slurry not only increased the soil nutrient content in the tomato root zone, but also improved the soil nutrient environment quality in the tomato root zone. Overall, T_2.0 treatment had the best effects on increasing the soil nutrient content in the tomato root zone and improving the soil nutrient environment quality.

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