| 曹铨,王自奎,来兴发,沈禹颖.黄土高原苹果树生育期树干液流特征及其影响因子研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(4):267~274 |
| 黄土高原苹果树生育期树干液流特征及其影响因子研究 |
| Characteristics and its influencing factors of sap flow of apple trees during growth period in the Loess Plateau |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.04.28 |
| 中文关键词: 苹果树 树干液流 影响因子 生育期 黄土高原 |
| 英文关键词:apple tree sap flow impact factors growth period Loess Plateau |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2014B AD14B006)；国家自然科学基金（51609112） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究黄土高原半干旱区苹果树生育期液流特征及其与影响因子之间的关系，于2018年果树生育期利用热扩散式液流探针（TDP）对‘秦冠’苹果树（Malus pumila M. cv ‘Qingguan’）液流进行了连续观测，同步测定了果园土壤水分、苹果树叶面积指数、大气温度、大气湿度、太阳辐射和风速等指标，并计算空气水汽压差。结果表明：苹果树在萌芽开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期及果实成熟期的平均液流速率分别为0.85、1.34、1.53、0.82 mm·d-1，果实膨大期液流速率较高。液流速率具有明显的昼夜波动性，不同生育时期夜间液流量约占总液流量的11.54%~19.22%。茎流计测定的苹果树生育期总液流量为264.14 mm，其中夜间累计液流量为35.60 mm。全生育期内苹果树的液流速率与太阳净辐射、大气温度、水汽压差和叶面积指数均呈极显著正相关关系，与风速和大气湿度呈负相关关系。萌芽开花期、幼果期及果实成熟期，水汽压差是影响果树液流速率的关键因子；而在果实膨大期，太阳净辐射是影响果树液流速率的关键因子。果树液流速率与0~20 cm土层土壤含水量相关性不显著，与20~160 cm土层土壤含水量显著正相关。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to explore the characteristics of the sap flow velocity of an apple tree and the relationships between the sap flow velocity and its influencing factors in the semiarid area of the Loess Plateau, the thermal dissipation probe (TDP) was used to continuously measure the sap flow velocity of ‘Qinguan’ apple trees during the growth period in 2018.And simultaneously the influencing factors such as soil moisture, leaf area index of the apple tree (LAI), air temperature (Ta), air humidity (RH), net radiation (Rn), wind speed (WS), and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were calculated. The results showed that the average sap flow velocity during the germination and flower stage, fruit formation stage, fruit expansion stage, and fruit ripening stage was 0.85, 1.34, 1.53, and 0.82 mm·d-1, respectively, which was higher in the fruit expansion stage. Meanwhile, the sap flow velocity showed significant diurnal fluctuation, and the sap flow at night accounted for 11.54%~19.22% of the total sap flow in the different growth periods. The soil water consumption of the apple tree measured by the thermal dissipation probe was about 264.14 mm, and the water consumption at night was 35.60 mm. During the whole growth period, the daily sap flow velocity of the apple tree was significantly and positively correlated with Rn, Ta, VPD, and LAI of the apple tree, negatively correlated with WS and RH. The VPD was the key factor affecting the sap flow rate of apple trees in the germination and flower stage, fruit formation stage and fruit ripening stage of apple trees, while the Rn was the key factor affecting the sap flow rate of apple trees in the fruit expansion stage. There was no significant correlation between sap flow velocity and soil water content in 0~20 cm soil layer, but significantly positive correlations were found in 20~160 cm soil layers. |
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