| 杨楠,段琳博,马静,蔡焕杰,彭雄标,王晓云,李亮,张蓬妍,徐家屯.基于Hydrus-1D模型的灌区农田土壤水分渗漏和硝态氮淋失特征研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(5):32~42 |
| 基于Hydrus-1D模型的灌区农田土壤水分渗漏和硝态氮淋失特征研究 |
| Characteristics of soil water leakage and nitrate leaching in irrigated farmland based on the Hydrus-1D model |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.05.04 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤水分渗漏 硝态氮淋失 Hydrus-1D 冬小麦-夏玉米轮作 灌区 |
| 英文关键词:soil water leakage nitrate nitrogen leaching Hydrus-1D wheat maize rotation irrigated area |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(52179046) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为定量分析农田土壤水分渗漏和硝态氮淋失特征，基于3年冬小麦-夏玉米轮作水氮试验，采用Hydrus-1D模型对泾惠渠灌区农田土壤水氮运移转化过程进行动态模拟。结果表明：Hydrus-1D模型可以准确模拟不同深度土壤水分和硝态氮的运移过程，根系层下(200 cm)土壤水分渗漏量主要受灌水量影响，冬小麦全生育期根系层下土壤水分渗漏量大于夏玉米全生育期，两者渗漏量分别为15.34~25.38 cm和6.98~9.82 cm。夏玉米和冬小麦全生育期根系层下土壤水分渗漏强度分别为0.06~0.08 cm·d-1和0.06~0.10 cm·d-1，冬小麦越冬期灌溉处理的全生育期根系层下土壤水分渗漏量受越冬期灌水量影响明显。夏玉米和冬小麦生育期内根系层下硝态氮淋失通量范围分别为0.003~0.016 mg·cm-3·d-1和0.001~0.032 mg·cm-3·d-1。硝态氮淋失与灌水量、降雨量及土壤剖面硝态氮含量呈正相关关系，并且对降雨和灌溉的响应具有滞后性，约在灌水后12 d时根系层下土壤硝态氮淋失通量达到峰值。根系层下土壤硝态氮淋失通量在夏玉米生育期末和冬小麦生育期初处在较高值。综合而言，生产中应合理规划夏玉米及冬小麦灌水和施肥制度，适当调整冬小麦越冬期灌水量，推荐越冬期灌水量低于90 mm。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of soil water leakage and nitrate leaching, the Hydrus-1D model was used to simulate the process of soil water and nitrogen transport and transformation in Jinghuiqu irrigation district based on the 3-year soil water and nitrogen experiment under wheat and maize rotation. The results showed that: The Hydrus-1D model accurately simulated the transport process of soil water and nitrate nitrogen at different depths. The soil water leakage under the root layer (200 cm) was mainly affected by the irrigation amount. The soil water leakage under the root layer during the whole growth period of winter wheat was larger than that during the whole growth period of summer maize. The leakage amounts of the two crop were 15.34~25.38 cm and 6.98~9.82 cm, respectively. The soil water leakage intensities under the root layer during the whole growth period of summer maize and winter wheat were 0.06~0.08 cm·d-1 and 0.06~0.10 cm·d-1, respectively. Irrigation treatment during winter wheat’s overwintering period significantly affected the soil water leakage under the root layer during the whole growth period. During the growth period of summer maize and winter wheat, the nitrate leaching flux under the root layer ranged 0.003~0.016 mg·cm-3·d-1 and 0.001~0.032 mg·cm-3·d-1, respectively. Nitrate leaching was positively correlated with irrigation amount, rainfall and nitrate nitrogen content in soil profile, and the response to rainfall and irrigation was lagging, and the nitrate leaching flux in soil under the root layer reached its peak about 12 days after irrigation. The soil nitrate leaching flux under the root layer was higher at the end of summer maize growth and the beginning of winter wheat growth. In summary, the irrigation and fertilization of summer maize and winter wheat should be reasonably planned in production, and the irrigation amount of winter wheat should be appropriately adjusted during the wintering period. The recommended irrigation amount is less than 90 mm during the wintering period. |
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