| 黄浦江,方昭,余海龙,张峰举,黄菊莹.不同改良剂配施对河套灌区碱化土壤理化性质及枸杞生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2023,(5):121~129 |
| 不同改良剂配施对河套灌区碱化土壤理化性质及枸杞生长的影响 |
| Effects of combinations of modifiers on physical and chemical properties of alkaline soil and growth of Lycium chinense in Hetao irrigation area |
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| DOI：10.7606/j.issn.1000-7601.2023.05.13 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤改良剂 配施 枸杞 土壤理化性质 河套灌区 |
| 英文关键词:soil functional modifiers combined application Lycium chinense soil physical and chemical properties Hetao irrigation area |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900600）；宁夏自然科学基金（2022AAC02012）；国家自然科学基金（32160277） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了评价脱硫石膏配施不同功能改良剂对宁夏河套灌区碱化土壤改良效果，进而筛选出适合河套地区碱化土壤改良的最佳方案，本研究以枸杞（Lycium chinense）为供试材料，在宁夏河套灌区设立碱化土壤改良田间试验，设对照（T1）、单施脱硫石膏（T2）、脱硫石膏+醋糟+菌肥（T3）、脱硫石膏+菌肥（T4）、脱硫石膏+醋糟+菌肥+保水剂（T5）、脱硫石膏+微肥（T6）、脱硫石膏+诱抗素（T7）7个处理，于2013—2016年连续开展田间试验对比分析不同改良措施对土壤盐碱指标、养分状况以及枸杞农艺性状（成活率/保存率、株高和产量）的影响。结果表明：改良4年间T2~T7处理在提高0～20 cm土层土壤有机碳（5.4%~88.8%）、全氮（8.0%~31.3%）、碱解氮（11.4%~41.7%），降低pH值（4.8%~10.3%），钠吸附性比SAR（5.5%~51.6%）和全盐含量（5.5%~51.6%）方面的效果明显优于20～40 cm土层，且其影响程度随改良年限推移而逐渐增强；而对于土壤全磷、速效磷、速效钾含量促进作用整体较弱或不存在一致的规律性变化。不同改良剂型间以T5处理在提高土壤有机质和养分含量、降低土壤pH值、缓解土壤盐胁迫方面的效果最为突出，同时该处理下枸杞具有较高的成活率/保存率（83.88%~92.22%）、株高（74.16~140.13 cm）和产量（0.70~2.31 kg·hm-2）。相关分析发现不同土层pH值、全盐、有机碳、碱解氮、速效钾含量以及年际间气候变异（年降水量和气温）是影响枸杞农艺性状的主要因素。对比不同改良剂组合在增加土壤有机质和养分含量、降碱抑盐和实现枸杞增产增收方面的效果，以脱硫石膏+醋糟+菌肥+保水剂组合最为突出，可在河套同类型盐碱地区进行推广验证。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To evaluate the effects of desulfurization gypsum with different functional modifiers on the improvement of alkaline soils in Hetao irrigated area, and to identify the best solution for the improvement of alkaline soils in Hetao irrigated area, a field trial of alkaline soil improvement was established in Hetao irrigated area of Ningxia. The field trials used Lycium chinense as the test material with treatments of control (T1), desulphurization gypsum alone (T2), desulphurization gypsum + vinasse + bacterial fertilizer (T3), desulphurization gypsum + bacterial fertilizer (T4), desulphurization gypsum + vinasse + bacterial fertilizer + water retention agent (T5), desulphurization gypsum + micronutrient fertilizer (T6), and desulphurization gypsum + induced resistance (T7) to compare and analyze the effects of different amendment measures on the soil salinity index, nutrient status and agronomic traits of L. chinense (survival rate/preservation rate, plant height and yield) for selecting the best improvement scheme for alkaline soil management in this area. The results indicated that treatments T2 to T7 exhibited greater effectiveness in enhancing soil organic carbon (5.4% to 88.8%), total nitrogen (8.0% to 31.3%), alkali\|hydrolysable nitrogen (11.4% to 41.7%), reducing pH (4.8% to 10.3%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (5.5% to 51.6%), and total salt content (5.5% to 51.6%) in the top 20 cm of soil over the course of four years. These effects were significantly more pronounced than those observed at a depth of 20~40 cm, with the degree of influence progressively increasing with the duration of the improvement process. However, the overall impact on total phosphorus and fast\|acting phosphorus and potassium content in the soil was weak or did not exhibit consistent patterns. Among the different amendments, the T5 treatment proved to be the most efficacious in augmenting soil organic matter and nutrient content, reducing soil pH, mitigating soil salt stress, and yielding higher survival/preservation rates (83.88%~92.22%), plant height (74.16~140.13 cm), and crop yield (0.70~2.31 kg·hm-2) for L. chinense. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that pH, total salt, organic carbon, alkaline soluble nitrogen, fast\|acting potassium content in different soil layers and interannual climatic variability (annual precipitation and temperature) were the main factors affecting the agronomic traits of L. chinense. Considering the effect of different functional modifiers agents in increasing soil organic matter and nutrient content, reducing alkali and suppressing salt, and achieving increased yield and income of L. chinense, the combination of desulfurized gypsum + vinasse + bacterial fertilizer + water retention agent was the most prominent, though its improvement effect still needs further extension verification in the same type of saline areas in the Hetao area. |
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